Articles

Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport: a picture-based brief implicit association test for measuring athletes’ attitudes

Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes’ intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the...

Authors: Ralf Brand, Philipp Heck and Matthias Ziegler

Environmental and capacity requirements are critical for implementing and sustaining a drug prevention program: a multiple case study of “Clubs against drugs”

“Clubs against drugs” (CAD) is a comprehensive program with a systems approach to prevention with the intention of preventing drug use in nightclub environment. In 2001 CAD was developed and implemented in Sto...

Authors: Elin Norrgård, Ewa Wikström, Chris Pickering, Johanna Gripenberg and Fredrik Spak

A comparison of the responsible drinking dimensions among underage and legal drinkers: examining differences in beliefs, motives, self-efficacy, barriers and intentions

To date, scholarly discourse over the Amethyst Initiative has primarily debated the relative effectiveness of the 21 year-old Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA). Unfortunately, this discourse has failed to acco...

Authors: Adam E Barry, Michael L Stellefson and Conrad L Woolsey

Groin injecting among a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs in Thailand

Use of the femoral vein for the injection of illicit drugs (i.e. groin injecting) has been linked to various health-related harms, including deep vein thrombosis. However, little is known about the prevalence ...

Authors: Lianping Ti, Kanna Hayashi, Karyn Kaplan, Paisan Suwannawong, Evan Wood and Thomas Kerr

Predictors and moderators of outcomes of HIV/STD sex risk reduction interventions in substance abuse treatment programs: a pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials

The objective of the current study was to examine predictors and moderators of response to two HIV sexual risk interventions of different content and duration for individuals in substance abuse treatment progr...

Authors: Paul Crits-Christoph, Robert Gallop, Jaclyn S Sadicario, Hannah M Markell, Donald A Calsyn, Wan Tang, Hua He, Xin Tu and George Woody

Comparing key characteristics of young adult crack users in and out-of-treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Crack use is prevalent among street drug users in Brazilian cities, yet despite recent help system reforms and investments, treatment utilization is low. Other studies have identified a variety of – often inco...

Authors: Marcelo Cruz, Neilane Bertoni, Francisco I Bastos, Chantal Burnett, Jenna Gooch and Benedikt Fischer

Differences between men and women in self-reported body mass index and its relation to drug use

Obesity is a public health problem of alarming proportions, including among the university population in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the self-reported body ma...

Authors: Pablo Vera-Villarroel, José A Piqueras, Walter Kuhne, Pim Cuijpers and Annemieke van Straten

Reduced self-control leads to disregard of an unfamiliar behavioral option: an experimental approach to the study of neuroenhancement

Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of psychoactive substances in order to enhance a healthy individual’s cognitive functioning from a proficient to an even higher level, is prevalent in student populations. Accord...

Authors: Wanja Wolff, Franz Baumgarten and Ralf Brand

A cross-sectional study of public attitudes towards safer drug use practices in British Columbia, Canada

Harm reduction programs are often vulnerable to political and vocal opposition despite documented evidence of their effectiveness and economic benefit. It is not well understood if opponents to harm reduction ...

Authors: Despina Tzemis, Jennifer Campbell, Margot Kuo and Jane A Buxton

“Nonmedical” prescription opioid use in North America: a call for priority action

Nearly four years after the United States Congress heralded a “decade of pain control and research”, chronic pain remains a mounting public health concern worldwide. The escalating prevalence of chronic pain i...

Authors: Pauline Voon and Thomas Kerr

Policy implementation of methadone maintenance treatment and HIV infection: evidence from Hubei province, China

To view methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) globally, it is necessary to accumulate data on MMT policy implementation under different health service systems. The aim of the current study is to provide empiri...

Authors: Jifang Dai, Lianyi Zhao and Yuan Liang

Factors associated with smoking among adolescent males prior to incarceration and after release from jail: a longitudinal study

The prevalence of cigarette smoking among incarcerated adult men and women is three-four times higher than in the general population, ranging from 70-80%. However, little is known about factors associated with...

Authors: Megha Ramaswamy, Babalola Faseru, Karen L Cropsey, Marvia Jones, Karisa Deculus and Nicholas Freudenberg

Back to the basics: identifying positive youth development as the theoretical framework for a youth drug prevention program in rural Saskatchewan, Canada amidst a program evaluation

Despite endorsement by the Saskatchewan government to apply empirically-based approaches to youth drug prevention services in the province, programs are sometimes delivered prior to the establishment of eviden...

Authors: Colleen Anne Dell, Charles Randy Duncan, Andrea DesRoches, Melissa Bendig, Megan Steeves, Holly Turner, Terra Quaife, Chuck McCann and Brett Enns

Qualitative investigation of barriers to accessing care by people who inject drugs in Saskatoon, Canada: perspectives of service providers

People who inject drugs (PWID) often encounter barriers when attempting to access health care and social services. In our previous study conducted to identify barriers to accessing care from the perspective of...

Authors: Katherine Lang, Jaycie Neil, Judith Wright, Colleen Anne Dell, Shawna Berenbaum and Anas El-Aneed

Racial/ethnic minority and low-income hotspots and their geographic proximity to integrated care providers

The high prevalence of mental health issues among clients attending substance abuse treatment (SAT) has pressured treatment providers to develop integrated substance abuse and mental health care. However, acce...

Authors: Erick G Guerrero and Dennis Kao

Development of an integrative cessation program for co-smokers of cigarettes and cannabis: demand analysis, program description, and acceptability

Tobacco and cannabis use are strongly interrelated, but current national and international cessation programs typically focus on one substance, and address the other substance either only marginally or not at ...

Authors: Julia Becker, Ines Hungerbuehler, Oliver Berg, Maciej Szamrovicz, Andreas Haubensack, Adrian Kormann and Michael P Schaub

Assisted injection among people who inject drugs in Thailand

Assisted injection is common among people who inject drugs (IDU), and has been associated with elevated risk for HIV infection and overdose. However, this practice has not been explored in the Asian context, i...

Authors: William K Lee, Lianping Ti, Kanna Hayashi, Karyn Kaplan, Paisan Suwannawong, Evan Wood and Thomas Kerr

Brief intervention and decrease of alcohol consumption among women: a systematic review

Problems related to alcohol consumption are priority public health issues worldwide and may compromise women’s health. The early detection of risky alcohol consumption combined with a brief intervention (BI) h...

Authors: Carla Ferreira de Paula Gebara, Fernanda Monteiro de Castro Bhona, Telmo Mota Ronzani, Lelio Moura Lourenço and Ana Regina Noto

Eating disorders and anabolic androgenic steroids in males - similarities and differences in self-image and psychiatric symptoms

Body dissatisfaction is common among both females and males. Dissatisfaction with the body is a risk factor both for onset of eating disorders and for abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). Few studies h...

Authors: Tabita Björk, Kurt Skårberg and Ingemar Engström

Assessment of attitudes towards methadone maintenance treatment between heroin users at a compulsory detoxification centre and methadone maintenance clinic in Ningbo, China

In China, the Compulsory Detoxification Centres are the main response for people who use illegal drugs. Due to high relapse rates among people released from the Compulsory Detoxification Centres, it is likely ...

Authors: Yu Liu, Longhui Li, Yahai Zhang, Lina Zhang, Wenwen Shen, Huachong Xü, Guangming Wang, Weidong Lü and Wenhua Zhou

Erratum to: Alcohol-related brief intervention in patients treated for opiate or cocaine dependence: a randomized controlled study

Authors: Nelson Feldman, Anne Chatton, Riaz Khan, Yasser Khazaal and Daniele Zullino

Adolescent substance use and peer use: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional population data

Limited evidence exists concerning the importance of social contexts in adolescent substance use prevention. In addition to the important role schools play in educating young people, they are important ecologi...

Authors: Alfgeir Logi Kristjansson, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir and John P Allegrante

Structural barriers in the context of opiate substitution treatment in Germany - a survey among physicians in primary care

Opiate substitution treatment (OST) is the most widely used treatment for opioid dependence in Germany with substantial long-term benefits for the patient and for society. Due to lessened restrictive admission...

Authors: Bernd Schulte, Christiane Sybille Schmidt, Olaf Kuhnigk, Ingo Schäfer, Benedikt Fischer, Heiner Wedemeyer and Jens Reimer

A cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness analysis of proposed supervised injection facilities in Montreal, Canada

This paper will determine whether expanding Insite (North America’s first and only supervised injection facility) to more locations in Canada such as Montreal, cost less than the health care consequences of no...

Authors: Ehsan Jozaghi, Andrew A Reid and Martin A Andresen

Factors associated with disordered gambling in Finland

The purpose of this study was to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers and pathological gamblers, to investigate the association between gambling related facto...

Authors: Sari Castrén, Syaron Basnet, Anne H Salonen, Maiju Pankakoski, Jenni-Emilia Ronkainen, Hannu Alho and Tuuli Lahti

Subjective stressors in school and their relation to neuroenhancement: a behavioral perspective on students’ everyday life “doping”

The use of psychoactive substances to neuroenhance cognitive performance is prevalent. Neuroenhancement (NE) in everyday life and doping in sport might rest on similar attitudinal representations, and both beh...

Authors: Wanja Wolff and Ralf Brand

Detecting cocaine use? The autobiographical implicit association test (aIAT) produces false positives in a real-world setting

The autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT) is a novel application of the implicit association concept for detecting life events. It has been used to reveal concealed knowledge in clinical and forens...

Authors: Elisabeth Julie Vargo and Andrea Petróczi

Alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and related mortality in Italy in 2004: effects of treatment-based interventions on alcohol dependence

The tradition of consuming alcohol has long been a part of Italian culture and is responsible for a large health burden. This burden may be reduced with effective interventions, one of the more important of wh...

Authors: Kevin D Shield, Jürgen Rehm, Gerrit Gmel, Maximilien X Rehm and Allaman Allamani

Drug use and treatment success among gang and non-gang members in El Salvador: a prospective cohort study

This article focuses on examining drug abuse treatment (DAT) in El Salvador highlighting gang vs. non-gang membership differences in drug use and treatment outcomes.

Authors: Knowlton W Johnson, Stephen R Shamblen, Matthew W Courser, Linda Young, Melissa H Abadi and Thom Browne

Driving and legal status of Spanish opioid-dependent patients

Opioid dependent patients have legal problems, driving violations and accidents more frequently than the general population. We have hypothesized that those patients currently driving may have better legal out...

Authors: Carlos Roncero, F Javier Álvarez, Carmen Barral, Susana Gómez-Baeza, Begoña Gonzalvo, Laia Rodríguez-Cintas, M Teresa Brugal, Carlos Jacas, Anna Romaguera and Miguel Casas

Effectiveness of alcohol prevention interventions based on the principles of social marketing: a systematic review

Alcohol education aims to increase knowledge on the harm related to alcohol, and to change attitudes and drinking behaviour. However, little (lasting) evidence has been found for alcohol education, in changing...

Authors: Meriam M Janssen, Jolanda JP Mathijssen, Marja JH van Bon–Martens, Hans AM van Oers and Henk FL Garretsen

Physicians’ attitudes toward unhealthy alcohol use and self-efficacy for screening and counseling as predictors of their counseling and primary care patients’ drinking outcomes

Patients’ unhealthy alcohol use is often undetected in primary care. Our objective was to examine whether physicians’ attitudes and their perceived self-efficacy for screening and counseling patients is associ...

Authors: A Rani Elwy, Nicholas J Horton and Richard Saitz

The housing first model (HFM) fidelity index: designing and testing a tool for measuring integrity of housing programs that serve active substance users

The Housing First Model (HFM) is an approach to serving formerly homeless individuals with dually diagnosed mental health and substance use disorders regardless of their choice to use substances or engage in o...

Authors: Dennis P Watson, John Orwat, Dana E Wagner, Valery Shuman and Randi Tolliver

An exploratory cluster randomised trial of a university halls of residence based social norms marketing campaign to reduce alcohol consumption among 1st year students

This exploratory trial examines the feasibility of implementing a social norms marketing campaign to reduce student drinking in universities in Wales, and evaluating it using cluster randomised trial methodology.

Authors: Graham F Moore, Annie Williams, Laurence Moore and Simon Murphy

Dropout among patients in qualified alcohol detoxification treatment: the effect of treatment motivation is moderated by Trauma Load

Motivation to change has been proposed as a prerequisite for behavioral change, although empirical results are contradictory. Traumatic experiences are frequently found amongst patients in alcohol treatment, b...

Authors: Michael Odenwald and Peter Semrau

The index of tobacco treatment quality: development of a tool to assess evidence-based treatment in a national sample of drug treatment facilities

Quitting smoking improves health and drug use outcomes among people in treatment for substance abuse. The twofold purpose of this study is to describe tobacco treatment provision across a representative sample...

Authors: A Paula Cupertino, Jamie J Hunt, Byron J Gajewski, Yu Jiang, Janet Marquis, Peter D Friedmann, Kimberly K Engelman and Kimber P Richter

Factors associated with self-assessed increase in tobacco consumption among over-indebted individuals in Germany: a cross-sectional study

Over-indebtedness is an increasing phenomenon in industrialised nations causing individual hardship and societal problems. Nonetheless, few studies have explored smoking among over-indebted individuals.

Authors: Heiko Rueger, Heide Weishaar, Elke B Ochsmann, Stephan Letzel and Eva Muenster

Factors associated with implementation of a multicomponent responsible beverage service program – results from two surveys in 290 Swedish municipalities

The purpose of this study was to investigate which factors affected the implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) program in 290 Swedish municipalities and whether the amount of suc...

Authors: Björn Trolldal, Ulrika Haggård and Karin Guldbrandsson

Non-response bias and hazardous alcohol use in relation to previous alcohol-related hospitalization: comparing survey responses with population data

This study examines whether alcohol-related hospitalization predicts survey non-response, and evaluates whether this missing data result in biased estimates of the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and absti...

Authors: Kozma Ahacic, Ingemar Kåreholt, Asgeir R Helgason and Peter Allebeck

Impact of system-level changes and training on alcohol screening and brief intervention in a family medicine residency clinic: a pilot study

Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) are effective in reducing unhealthy alcohol use, major challenges exist in implementing clinician-delivered SBI in primary care settings. This 2006–2007 pilot st...

Authors: James Aaron Johnson, James Paul Seale, Sylvia Shellenberger, Maribeth Hamrick and Robert Lott

Four-year prospective evaluation of the relationship between meaning in life and smoking status

To date, all investigations on the relationship between smoking and perceived level of meaning in life have used cross-sectional designs. Therefore, the purpose of the present prospective study, conducted with...

Authors: Barna Konkolÿ Thege, Róbert Urbán and Mária S Kopp

Reductions in non-medical prescription opioid use among adults in Ontario, Canada: are recent policy interventions working?

Non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and prescription opioid (PO) related harms have become major substance use and public health problems in North America, the region with the world’s highest PO use le...

Authors: Benedikt Fischer, Anca Ialomiteanu, Paul Kurdyak, Robert E Mann and Jürgen Rehm

Recovery post treatment: plans, barriers and motivators

The increasing focus on achieving a sustained recovery from substance use brings with it a need to better understand the factors (recovery capital) that contribute to recovery following treatment. This work ex...

Authors: Paul Duffy and Helen Baldwin

Changes in alcohol use and relationship satisfaction in Norwegian couples during pregnancy

Numerous studies have documented a profound reduction in alcohol use among pregnant women, whereas research on expectant fathers has been scarce. The aim of this study was to measure changes in alcohol consump...

Authors: Sonja Mellingen, Torbjørn Torsheim and Frode Thuen

Do parent–child acculturation gaps affect early adolescent Latino alcohol use? A study of the probability and extent of use

The literature has been mixed regarding how parent–child relationships are affected by the acculturation process and how this process relates to alcohol use among Latino youth. The mixed results may be due to,...

Authors: Ronald B Cox Jr, Martha Zapata Roblyer, Michael J Merten, Karina M Shreffler and Kami L Schwerdtfeger

Impact of a board-game approach on current smokers: a randomized controlled trial

The main objective of our study was to assess the impact of a board game on smoking status and smoking-related variables in current smokers. To accomplish this objective, we conducted a randomized controlled t...

Authors: Yasser Khazaal, Anne Chatton, Roberto Prezzemolo, Fadi Zebouni, Yves Edel, Johan Jacquet, Ornella Ruggeri, Emilie Burnens, Grégoire Monney, Anne-Sylvie Protti, Jean-François Etter, Riaz Khan, Jacques Cornuz and Daniele Zullino

Suicidal ideation and HIV risk behaviors among a cohort of injecting drug users in New Delhi, India

Data on mental health among injecting drug users in South Asia is scarce yet poor mental health among users has significant implications for the success of HIV prevention and treatment programmes. A cohort of ...

Authors: Enisha Sarin, Basant Singh, Luke Samson and Michael Sweat

Attachment style, anxiety coping, and personality-styles in withdrawn alcohol addicted inpatients

Insecure early attachment experiences have been reported to play an important role in the manifestation in alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of attachment styles with an...

Authors: Dirk Wedekind, Borwin Bandelow, Soren Heitmann, Ursula Havemann-Reinecke, Kirsten R Engel and Gerald Huether

Auricular acupuncture for chemically dependent pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial of the NADA protocol

The prevalence of maternal drug use during pregnancy in North America has been estimated to be as high as 6-10%. The consequences for the newborn include increased risk for perinatal mortality and ongoing phys...

Authors: Patricia A Janssen, Louise C Demorest, Anne Kelly, Paul Thiessen and Ron Abrahams

Engaging people who use drugs in policy and program development: A review of the literature

Health policies and programs are increasingly being driven by people from the community to more effectively address their needs. While a large body of evidence supports peer engagement in the context of policy...

Authors: Lianping Ti, Despina Tzemis and Jane A Buxton