Fig. 1

Evaluation of serum BDNF levels in the controls and persons with crack heroin use disorder on admission and discharge. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences between the controls and persons with crack heroin use disorder by the independent t-test and between persons with crack heroin use disorder after and before detoxification were analyzed via the paired t-test. (*p < 0.01 indicates significant difference between the controls and persons with crack heroin use disorder on admission; #p < 0.05 indicates significant difference between serum BDNF levels on admission and discharge; ns p > 0.05 no significant differences were found between serum BDNF levels in persons with crack heroin use disorder on discharge and the controls)