The impact of relaxing restrictions on take-home doses during the COVID-19 pandemic on program effectiveness and client experiences in opioid agonist treatment: a mixed methods systematic review

Table 11 Studies reporting measures of client health

Study	Measure	Control Group	Intervention Group	Statistical Test or Model	p-value	Estimate of Effect	Direction of Effect	Overall Effect Direction
(S6) Corace et al., 2022 [74]	Clients with self-reported visits to the emergency department “because of substance use”	9%^a	9%^b	Chi square test	0.98	χ2 = 0.00	No difference	Mixed
(S6) Corace et al., 2022 [74]	Clients with self-reported admissions to the hospital “because of substance use”	7%^a	12%^b	Chi square test	0.15	χ2 = 2.05	Favours control	Mixed
(S8) Ezie et al., 2022 [76]	Incidence of new infectious disease (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, hepatitis, HIV, skin and soft tissue infections)	0%^c	1.5%^d	Chi square test	> 0.05	NR	Favours control	Negative
(S22) Lintzeris et al., 2022 [90]	Average scores on physical health scale (1 = poor, 10 = good)^e	Mean: 6.6 (SD 1.8) Median: 7^c	Mean 6.5 (SD 1.6) Median: 7^d	Paired t-test	0.229	NR	Favours control	Mixed
(S22) Lintzeris et al., 2022 [90]	Average scores on psychological health scale (1 = poor, 10 = good)^e	Mean 6.3 (SD 1.8) Median: 7^c	Mean: 6.5 (SD 1.6) Median: 7^d	Paired t-test	0.181	NR	Favours intervention	Mixed

Acronyms: HR hazard ratio, NR not reported, OR odds ratio, RR relative risk
^*Not reported in the original study; inferred or calculated by authors
^aControl group: OAT clients with at least one take-home dose during the pandemic, but without additional take-home doses
^bIntervention group: OAT clients with additional take-home doses during the pandemic
^cControl group: OAT clients pre-pandemic
^dIntervention group: OAT clients post-pandemic
^eBased on self-reported data collected through the Australian Treatment Outcome Profile

ISSN: 1747-597X