Table 3 Response to Addiction Recovery (R2AR) development—stakeholder input process
Task | Description | Sample and Honoraria | N |
|---|---|---|---|
Initial Item Review | |||
1. Stakeholder survey (online) | Identify items important to recovery, assign recovery domain and stage of recovery. Each participant reviewed a randomly selected 28 items of the 57 items, to reduce participant burden | PWLE, BH/medical/social service providers, researchers, recovery coaches/peers, family/friends of people in recovery. Lottery for one of four $50 gift cards | N = 330 |
2. PWLE interviews (phone or video) | Determine if items captured recovery experiences, missing concepts, irrelevant items, user experience | PWLE survey respondents who agreed to be contacted (N = 30); snowball method (N = 2). $50 gift card | N = 8 |
Cognitive Testing | |||
3. PWLE interviews (phone) | Complete revised R2AR, provide feedback on meaning, usability, usefulness, user experience | PWLE who completed initial interview and willing to be interviewed. $50 gift card | N = 8 |
4. BH provider (in-person or email) | Assess whether items captured range of recovery progress and stage, item clarity and meaning, Likert scale, anchor questions | Convenience sample of BH providers. $50 gift card (offered but none accepted) | N = 5 |
5. Expert review (in-person) | Assess anchor items, Likert scale, items and domains | Authors, researchers, and clinical colleagues at BH-focused FQHC | N = 6 |
6. Clinical focus group (in-person) | Determine if items were important to clinical practice, appropriate for OUD/MOUD population, viable for clinical setting | Nurse care managers who support people receiving MOUD at BH-focused FQHC. $25 gift card | N = 6 |
7. Client focus group (in-person) | Meaning of items, comprehension, relevancy to own recovery experience. Viability of items, anchors and Likert scales for measuring recovery | Individuals treated for addiction at BH-focused FQHC. $25 gift card + lunch | N = 25 |
8. Client interviews (in-person) | Review items/scale/anchors, discuss meaning, thought process for response | Individuals treated for addiction at BH-focused FQHC, recruited for focus groups but did not participate due to capacity. $25 gift card | N = 4 |