Table 3 Factors associated with drug use

Ashton [43]

1995

England

Cross-sectional

186

1

X

Barber [86]

2006

Not reported

Cross-sectional

346

1

X

Boland [87]

2006

Ireland

Longitudinal

1824

1

X

Bogowicz [44]

2018

England

Cross-sectional

1242

1

X

X

X

X

Butler [85]

2004

England

Cross-sectional

254

1

X

Conner [65]

1998

England

Cross-sectional

186

Not reported

X

X

Deasy [93]

2014

Ireland

Mixed methods: cross-sectional & semi-structured interviews

1030 (survey)

1

X

Einstein [77]

1975

Not reported

Cross-sectional

300

1

X

El Ansari [15]

2015

England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Cross-sectional

3706

7

X

X

X

X

X

X

Engs [80]

1987

Scotland

Cross-sectional

209

3

X

Engs [82]

1999

Scotland

Cross-sectional

4065

Not reported

X

X

Golding [45]

1987

Not reported

Cross-sectional

360

1

X

X

Herity [79]

1977

Ireland

Cross-sectional

765

1

X

X

Hindmarch [75]

1970

Not reported

Cross-sectional

153

1

X

X

X

Holloway [97]

2018

Wales

Cross-sectional

7855

7

X

X

McKay [76]

1973

Scotland

Cross-sectional

1236

1

X

X

Murphy [99]

2019

Ireland

Cross-sectional

5672

31

X

X

Newbury-Birch [48]

2000

England

Cross-sectional

194

1

X

X

Newbury-Birch [47]

2001

England

Longitudinal

236

1

X

X

X

Newbury-Birch [46]

2002

England

Longitudinal

100

1

X

X

Parfrey [33]

1975

Ireland

Cross-sectional

444

1

X

Roberts [89]

2010

England

Cross-sectional

360

2

X

Somekh [78]

1976

England

Cross-sectional

1113

6

X

X

Underwood [90]

2010

England

Cross-sectional

265

1

X

Vivancos [101]

2009

England

Cross-sectional

827

1

X

Webb [49]

1996

England, Scotland, Wales

Cross-sectional

3075

10

X

Webb [51]

1997

England, Scotland

Cross-sectional

3699

10

X

Webb [50]

1998

Not reported

Cross-sectional

785

7

X

X