Table 2 Risk and protective factors for substance use among youth accessing integrated youth services during the pre- and pandemic-periods
Characteristic | Total Overall | Pre-pandemic | Pandemic | Chi-square | DF | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 6022 No. (%) | n = 5066 No. (%) | n = 956 No. (%) | ||||
Social and environmental risk/protective factors | ||||||
Education and employment status: | Â | Â | Â | 12.62 | 2 | 0.002 |
 In education and/or employment | 4865 (81) | 4098 (81) | 767 (80) |  |  |  |
 Not in education or employment | 877 (14) | 715 (14) | 162 (17) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 280 (5) | 253 (5) | 27 (3) |  |  |  |
Money situation causes stress: | Â | Â | Â | 17.06 | 4 | 0.002 |
 Never | 1202 (20) | 1040 (20) | 162 (17) |  |  |  |
 Sometimes | 1850 (31) | 1555 (31) | 295 (31) |  |  |  |
 Often | 1148 (19) | 939 (18) | 209 (22) |  |  |  |
 Always | 1502 (25) | 1247 (25) | 255 (27) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 320 (5) | 285 (6) | 35 (4) |  |  |  |
I can talk to someone in family if I have problems: |  |  |  | 41.81 | 3 | < 0.001 |
 Yes, about most things | 1808 (30) | 1584 (31) | 224 (23) |  |  |  |
 Sometimes, depending on the problem | 3071 (51) | 2540 (50) | 531 (55) |  |  |  |
 No | 894 (15) | 715 (14) | 179 (19) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 249 (4) | 227 (5) | 22 (2) |  |  |  |
Current housing situation: a | Â | Â | Â | 11.52 | 2 | 0.003 |
 Secure housing | 5290 (88) | 4421 (87) | 869 (91) |  |  |  |
 Insecure housing | 498 (8) | 433 (8) | 65 (7) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 234 (4) | 212 (4) | 22 (2) |  |  |  |
Feel safe in current living situation: | Â | Â | Â | 11.96 | 2 | 0.002 |
 Yes | 5075 (84) | 4234 (83) | 841 (88) |  |  |  |
 No | 554 (9) | 484 (10) | 70 (7) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 393 (7) | 348 (7) | 45 (5) |  |  |  |
Seen or experienced violence in last 3 months: |  |  |  | 89.69 | 2 | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 2065 (34) | 1610 (32) | 455 (48) |  |  |  |
 No | 3632 (60) | 3168 (62) | 464 (48) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 325 (5) | 288 (6) | 37 (4) |  |  |  |
Time per week doing meaningful activities: | Â | Â | Â | 13.29 | 5 | 0.021 |
  < 2 hours | 1015 (17) | 868 (17) | 147 (15) |  |  |  |
 2–5 hours | 1417 (23) | 1174 (23) | 243 (25) |  |  |  |
 6–10 hours | 1225 (20) | 1042 (21) | 183 (19) |  |  |  |
 11–15 hours | 775 (13) | 635 (12) | 140 (15) |  |  |  |
  > 16 hours | 1237 (20) | 1033 (20) | 204 (21) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 353 (6) | 314 (6) | 39 (4) |  |  |  |
Health-related risk/protective factors | ||||||
Self-rated physical health: |  |  |  | 85.85 | 4 | < 0.001 |
 Poor | 581 (10) | 463 (9) | 118 (12) |  |  |  |
 Fair | 1970 (33) | 1614 (32) | 356 (37) |  |  |  |
 Good | 2157 (36) | 1802 (36) | 355 (37) |  |  |  |
 Very good/Excellent | 840 (14) | 723 (14) | 117 (12) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 474 (8) | 464 (9) | 10 (1) |  |  |  |
Self-rated mental health: |  |  |  | 85.85 | 4 | < 0.001 |
 Poor | 2325 (39) | 1861 (37) | 464 (48) |  |  |  |
 Fair | 2309 (38) | 1924 (38) | 385 (40) |  |  |  |
 Good | 682 (11) | 605 (12) | 77 (8) |  |  |  |
 Very good/Excellent | 203 (3) | 189 (4) | 14 (1) |  |  |  |
 Missing | 503 (8) | 487 (10) | 16 (2) |  |  |  |