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Table 3 Estimated odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for predictors of intention to call 911 at a future overdose among participants

From: Intention to seek emergency medical services during community overdose events in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional survey

 

Calling 911 at an OD eventa

Variables

Bivariate

OR (95% CI)

Block 1 (Demographics)

AOR (95% CI)

Block 2 (Indigenous Identity)

AOR (95% CI)

Block 3 (SES)

AOR (95% CI)

Block 4

(OD Response)

AOR (95% CI)

Block 5 (OD Characteristics)

AOR (95% CI)

Demographic Characteristics

Age (years)

  16–24

  25–34

0.35 (0.09, 1.40)

0.41 (0.10, 1.70)

0.40 (0.10, 1.66)

0.35 (0.08, 1.57)

0.28 (0.06, 1.31)

0.20 (0.04, 0.98) *

  35–44

0.34 (0.09, 1.35)

0.43 (0.11, 1.74)

0.41 (0.10, 1.65)

0.34 (0.08, 1.52)

0.32 (0.07, 1.47)

0.24 (0.05, 1.18)

  45–54

0.71 (0.15, 3.28)

0.88 (0.19, 4.13)

0.91 (0.19, 4.30)

0.81 (0.16, 4.12)

0.81 (0.15, 4.29)

0.55 (0.10, 3.07)

  55 +

0.24 (0.06, 1.03)

0.30 (0.07, 1.32)

0.26 (0.06, 1.13)

0.25 (0.05, 1.18)

0.25 (0.05, 1.25)

0.17 (0.03, 0.90) *

Gender

  Cis man

  Cis woman

2.90 (1.15, 7.35) *

2.59 (1.01, 6.68) *

3.00 (1.15, 7.83) *

3.05 (1.14, 8.15) *

3.24 (1.19, 8.84) *

3.37 (1.19, 9.50) *

Indigenous Identityb

 Non-indigenous

 

 Indigenous

0.46 (0.21, 1.01)

 

0.38 (0.17, 0.85) *

0.43 (0.18, 1.00)

0.48 (0.20, 1.15)

0.64 (0.25, 1.64)

SES Factors

Housing Status

  Private - Alone

  

  Private - With others

4.85 (1.37, 17.21) *

  

3.90 (1.01, 15.03) *

3.65 (0.94, 14.26)

4.96 (1.21, 20.29) *

  Supportive/Unstable Housing

3.17 (1.18, 8.51) *

  

3.40 (1.18, 9.78) *

3.56 (1.20, 10.64) *

3.96 (1.31, 11.98) *

  Homeless

2.04 (0.61, 6.81)

  

1.91 (0.51, 7.16)

2.08 (0.53, 8.16)

2.39 (0.58, 9.82)

Employment Status

  Not employed

  

  Employed

0.65 (0.30, 1.43)

  

0.52 (0.21, 1.26)

0.51 (0.20, 1.28)

0.46 (0.18, 1.18)

Overdose Response Resources

Previous awareness of GSDOA

  Unaware

   

  Aware

3.16 (1.35, 7.41) **

   

3.52 (1.42, 8.69) **

4.16 (1.62, 10.7) **

Overdose Characteristics

Stimulant OD

  No

    

  Yes

0.36 (0.15, 0.81) *

    

0.24 (0.09, 0.65) **

  LR Pseudo–R2

 

0.054

0.083

0.123

0.166

0.206

  Pseudo–R2 change

 

0.054

0.029 *

0.040

0.043 **

0.040 **

  1. Note: SES Socioeconomic status, OD Overdose. Reference categories are denoted by —. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
  2. a Final model size N = 327 after excluding individuals with “unknown” responses for all variables
  3. b The authors recognize that Indigenous identity is often a proxy for factors associated with colonialism including intergenerational trauma, systemic racism, criminalization and discrimination