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Table 2 Factors associated with intention to call 9-1-1 at a future overdose among survey respondents

From: Intention to seek emergency medical services during community overdose events in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional survey

 

Intention to call 9-1-1 at overdose events

 
 

Yes

(N = 404)

n (row %)

No

(N = 47)

n (row %)

Total

(N = 451)

n (column %)

P-value a

Age (years)

0.126

 16–24 years

101 (94.4)

6 (5.6)

107 (23.7)

 

 25–34 years

70 (85.4)

12 (14.6)

82 (18.2)

 

 35–44 years

86 (87.8)

12 (12.2)

98 (21.7)

 

 45–54 years

87 (94.6)

5 (5.4)

92 (20.4)

 

 55 years and over

57 (89.1)

7 (10.9)

64 (14.2)

 

Unknown

3 (37.5)

5 (62.5)

8 (1.8)

 

Gender identity b

0.091

 Cis man

225 (87.5)

32 (12.5)

257 (57.0)

 

 Cis woman

159 (93.0)

12 (7.0)

171 (37.9)

 

 Trans and gender expansive

20 (90.9)

2 (9.1)

22 (4.9)

 

Unknown

0 (0.0)

1 (100.0)

1 (0.2)

 

Indigenous identityc

0.164

 Indigenous

150 (87.2)

22 (12.8)

172 (38.1)

 

 Non-Indigenous

216 (91.9)

19 (8.1)

235 (52.1)

 

Unknown

38 (86.4)

6 (13.6)

44 (9.8)

 

Health region

0.683

 Fraser

86 (89.6)

10 (10.4)

96 (21.3)

 

 Interior

106 (89.1)

13 (10.9)

119 (26.4)

 

 Island

81 (86.2)

13 (13.8)

94 (20.8)

 

 Northern

36 (92.3)

3 (7.7)

39 (8.6)

 

 Vancouver Coastal

95 (92.2)

8 (7.8)

103 (22.8)

 

Housing status

< 0.01

 Private/Alone

40 (71.4)

16 (28.6)

56 (12.4)

 

 Private/With Other(s)

107 (93.0)

8 (7.0)

115 (25.5)

 

 Supportive/Unstable Housing

193 (92.8)

15 (7.2)

208 (46.1)

 

 Homeless

53 (89.8)

6 (10.2)

59 (13.1)

 

Unknown

11 (84.6)

2 (15.4)

13 (2.9)

 

Employment

0.029

 Yes

126 (85.1)

22 (14.9)

148 (32.8)

 

 No

264 (92.0)

23 (8.0)

287 (63.6)

 

Unknown

14 (87.5)

2 (12.5)

16 (3.5)

 

Cellphone possession

0.027

 Yes

269 (91.8)

24 (8.2)

293 (65.0)

 

 No

118 (84.3)

22 (15.7)

140 (31.0)

 

Unknown

17 (94.4)

1 (5.6)

18 (4.0)

 

Previous GSDOA awareness

0.019

 Yes

205 (92.8)

16 (7.2)

221 (49.0)

 

 No

173 (85.2)

30 (14.8)

203 (45.0)

 

Unknown

26 (96.3)

1 (3.7)

27 (6.0)

 

Complete knowledge of whom the GSDOA protects d

0.116

 Yes

106 (95.5)

5 (4.5)

111 (24.6)

 

 No

99 (90.0)

11 (10.0)

110 (24.4)

 

 Unaware

173 (85.2)

30 (14.8)

203 (45.0)

 

Unknown

26 (96.3)

1 (3.7)

27 (6.0)

 

Complete knowledge of when the GSDOA protects e

0.646

 Yes

71 (94.7)

4 (5.3)

75 (16.6)

 

 No

134 (91.8)

12 (8.2)

146 (32.4)

 

 Unaware

173 (85.2)

30 (14.8)

203 (45.0)

 

Unknown

26 (96.3)

1 (3.7)

27 (6.0)

 

Perceived risk of experiencing an overdose (last 6 months)

0.721

 Never

192 (90.6)

20 (9.4)

212 (47.0)

 

 Ever

204 (89.1)

25 (10.9)

229 (50.8)

 

Unknown

8 (80.0)

2 (20.0)

10 (2.2)

 

Perceived risk of witnessing an overdose (last 6 months)

0.292

 Never

45 (84.9)

8 (15.1)

53 (11.8)

 

 Ever

348 (90.6)

36 (9.4)

384 (85.1)

 

Unknown

11 (78.6)

3 (21.4)

14 (3.1)

 

Opioid use (last 6 months)

0.999

 Yes

224 (89.2)

27 (10.8)

251 (55.7)

 

 No

141 (89.8)

16 (10.2)

157 (34.8)

 

Unknown

39 (90.7)

4 (9.3)

43 (9.5)

 

Opioid overdose (last 6 months) e

0.854

 Yes

73 (90.1)

8 (9.9)

81 (18.0)

 

 No

307 (90.8)

31 (9.2)

338 (74.9)

 

Unknown

24 (75.0)

8 (25.0)

32 (7.1)

 

Stimulant overdose (last 6 months)

0.066

 Yes

58 (84.1)

11 (15.9)

69 (15.3)

 

 No

321 (92.0)

28 (8.0)

349 (77.4)

 

Unknown

25 (75.8)

8 (24.2)

33 (7.3)

 

Opioid overdose witnessed (last 6 months)

0.611

 Yes

233 (90.3)

25 (9.7)

258 (57.2)

 

 No

133 (92.4)

11 (7.6)

144 (31.9)

 

Unknown

38 (77.6)

11 (22.4)

49 (10.9)

 

Stimulant overdose witnessed (last 6 months)

0.675

 Yes

159 (90.9)

16 (9.1)

175 (38.8)

 

 No

204 (89.1)

25 (10.9)

229 (50.8)

 

Unknown

41 (87.2)

6 (12.8)

47 (10.4)

 
  1. a Chi square test exclude participants with unknown independent variables
  2. b “Trans and gender expansive” is shown but is not included in the chi square test due to small sample size
  3. c The authors recognize that Indigenous identity is often a proxy for factors associated with colonialism including intergenerational trauma, systemic racism, criminalization and discrimination
  4. d “Unaware” is shown but is not included in the chi square test
  5. e “Didn’t use opioids” is shown but is not included in the chi square test