Black girls and referrals: racial and gender disparities in self-reported referral to substance use disorder assessment among justice-involved children

Table 2 Logistic Regression Estimating Odds Ratios of Referrals by Gender and Race

	Model 1		Model 2
	Main effects		Gender by race
	AOR	CI	AOR	CI
Gender and Race
Gender (Ref = Male)
Female	0.96	[0.83,1.10]
Race (Ref = White)
Black	0.66^***	[0.58,0.75]
Latinx	0.74^***	[0.64,0.87]
Gender by Race (Ref = White Males)
Black Male			0.65^***	[0.56,0.75]
Latinx Male			0.71^***	[0.60,0.85]
White Female			0.91	[0.75,1.09]
Black Female			0.62^***	[0.49,0.79]
Latinx Female			0.81	[0.59,1.13]
Covariates
Substance Type (Ref = Marijuana Only)
Alcohol Only	1.11	[0.98,1.27]	1.11	[0.98,1.27]
Illicit Drugs	1.48^***	[1.20,1.83]	1.48^***	[1.20,1.83]
Other Drugs	1.48^***	[1.18,1.86]	1.48^***	[1.18,1.87]
Income (Ref = Under $15 k)
$15,000–$34,999	1.06	[0.94,1.20]	1.06	[0.94,1.21]
$35,000–$49,999	1.12	[0.93,1.34]	1.12	[0.93,1.34]
$50,000 & Over	1.17	[0.92,1.48]	1.17	[0.93,1.49]
Past SU Problems (Ref = None)
Yes	1.14^***	[1.02,1.28]	1.14^***	[1.02,1.28]
Mental Health Problem (Ref = Ever)
No History of Problems	1.14	[0.99,1.31]	1.14	[0.99,1.30]
Misdemeanors (Ref = 1 or Less)
2	1.03	[0.90,1.18]	1.03	[0.90,1.18]
3–4	1.09	[0.93,1.29]	1.09	[0.93,1.29]
5 or More Misdemeanors	0.99	[0.67,1.46]	0.99	[0.67,1.46]
Recidivism Risk Level (Ref = Low)
Moderate	0.98	[0.84,1.14]	0.98	[0.84,1.14]
Moderate-High	1.03	[0.89,1.20]	1.03	[0.88,1.19]
High	0.73	[0.60,0.89]	0.73	[0.60,0.89]
Age at 1st offense (Ref = 12 and Under)
13 to 14	1.23^***	[1.05,1.43]	1.23	[1.05,1.43]
15	1.38^***	[1.16,1.65]	1.39^***	[1.16,1.66]
16	1.24	[1.01,1.52]	1.24	[1.01,1.53]
Over 16	1.20	[0.93,1.56]	1.20	[0.93,1.55]
Observations	12,128		12,128
Pseudo R²	0.49		0.49

95% confidence intervals in brackets *** p < 0.001. See Fig. 2 for interaction effects

ISSN: 1747-597X