Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of risk indicators for any current alcohol use among young people from the Kenyan coast

 Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

Ref

Ref

 Male

2.60*** (1.78, 3.78)

1.79** (1.13, 2.85)

2.02** (1.12, 3.63)

–

2.78*** (1.69, 4.60)

1.90** (1.01, 3.57)

Religion

Overall p = 0.03

Overall p = 0.06

Overall p = 0.12

 Muslim

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Christian

2.01*** (1.20, 3.36)

3.67*** (1.93, 7.00)

2.83** (1.09, 7.36)

4.37*** (1.47, 13.02)

1.71* (0.91, 3.21)

3.54*** (1.53, 8.16)

 No religion

2.22* (0.92, 5.35)

4.01** (1.34, 11.97)

4.92* (1.02, 23.76)

8.59** (1.28, 57.53)

1.32 (0.45, 3.86)

2.67 (0.66, 10.83)

Education

Overall p < 0.01

Overall p = 0.03

Overall p = 0.02

 Secondary

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Tertiary

2.38*** (1.56, 3.64)

2.42*** (1.47, 4.00)

2.29** (1.10, 4.79)

2.17* (0.97, 4.84)

2.19*** (1.29, 3.73)

2.60*** (1.32, 5.11)

 Primary

1.00 (0.64, 1.58)

1.08 (0.61, 1.92)

0.87 (0.44, 1.72)

0.61 (0.28, 1.35)

1.34 (0.72, 2.49)

2.04 (0.86, 4.82)

 None^b

1.14 (0.24, 5.33)

1.63 (0.25, 10.70)

1.00

1.00

4.59* (0.62, 33.84)

15.42** (1.26, 188.36)

Living arrangement

Overall p < 0.01

Overall p = 0.06

Overall p = 0.04

 Family/Relative

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

Ref

Ref

 Friend/non-relative

1.52 (0.49, 4.75)

1.22 (0.33, 4.51)

2.17 (0.44, 10.79)

–

1.18 (0.23, 5.97)

0.55 (0.06, 4.66)

 Alone

2.48*** (1.47, 4.16)

2.45*** (1.30, 4.61)

2.53** (1.11, 5.75)

–

2.47** (1.24, 4.89)

3.48*** (1.50, 8.05)

Asset index

1.27*** (1.14, 1.42)

1.34*** (1.17, 1.55)

1.16* (0.97, 1.38)

–

1.32*** (1.14, 1.53)

1.44*** (1.18, 1.76)

Negative life events

Overall p < 0.01

Overall p < 0.01

None

Ref

Ref

–

–

Ref

Ref

 1–5 events

1.27 (0.62, 2.57)

1.35 (0.59, 3.09)

–

–

1.61 (0.69, 3.78)

1.47 (0.53, 4.09)

 6+ events

2.48** (1.21, 5.09)

3.17*** (1.35, 7.46)

–

–

3.85*** (1.58, 9.42)

4.13** (1.37, 12.45)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

Ref

Ref

 Yes

10.68*** (5.76, 19.81)

5.97*** (2.73, 13.08)

5.53*** (2.11, 14.47)

–

17.48*** (6.91, 44.18)

13.42*** (4.45, 40.50)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

10.81*** (6.40, 18.24)

8.59*** (4.46, 16.55)

11.43*** (5.21, 25.10)

15.75*** (6.51, 38.12)

10.52*** (5.11, 21.67)

7.99*** (3.11, 20.51)

 Not present

–

–

Ref

Ref

–

–

 Present

–

–

1.88* (0.94, 3.76)

2.27** (1.02, 5.05)

–

–

n of the final model

811

398

405

Variance explained (R²)

25.0%

17.6%

30.1%