Table 1 Characteristics of young people from the Kenyan coast (n = 812), shown by HIV infection status
Characteristic | Whole sample N = 812 | HIV infection status | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV uninfected youths, n = 406 | YLWH, n = 406 | |||
Area of residence | ||||
 Kilifi (rural) | 403 (49.6) | 200 (49.3) | 203 (50.0) | 0.83 |
 Mombasa (urban) | 409 (50.4) | 206 (50.7) | 203 (50.0) |  |
Age – in years as mean (SD) | 20.9 (2.1) | 21.0 (1.9) | 20.8 (2.2) | 0.13 |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 412 (50.7) | 182 (44.8) | 230 (56.7) | < 0.01 |
 Male | 400 (49.3) | 224 (55.2) | 176 (43.4) |  |
Education level | ||||
 Tertiary | 193 (23.8) | 130 (32.0) | 63 (15.5) | < 0.01†|
 Secondary | 354 (43.6) | 179 (44.1) | 175 (43.1) |  |
 Primary | 253 (31.2) | 93 (22.9) | 160 (39.4) |  |
 None | 12 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 8 (2.0) |  |
Employment | ||||
 Formally employed | 27 (3.3) | 11 (2.7) | 16 (3.9) | 0.16 |
 Self-employed | 94 (11.6) | 52 (12.8) | 42 (10.3) |  |
 Student | 303 (37.3) | 162 (39.9) | 141 (34.7) |  |
 Unemployed | 388 (47.8) | 181 (44.6) | 207 (51.0) |  |
Religion | ||||
 Muslim | 169 (20.8) | 82 (20.2) | 87 (21.4) | 0.06 |
 Christian | 602 (74.1) | 296 (72.9) | 306 (75.4) |  |
 No religion | 41 (5.1) | 28 (6.9) | 13 (3.2) |  |
Relationship status, missing = 2 | ||||
 Never married | 670 (82.7) | 358 (88.6) | 312 (76.9) | < 0.01 |
 Separated with partner | 32 (4.0) | 8 (2.0) | 24 (5.9) |  |
 Married/cohabiting | 108 (13.3) | 38 (9.4) | 70 (17.2) |  |
Living arrangement | ||||
 Family/Relative | 720 (88.7) | 359 (88.4) | 361 (88.9) | 0.91 |
 Friend/non-relative | 17 (2.1) | 8 (2.0) | 9 (2.2) |  |
 Alone | 75 (9.2) | 39 (9.6) | 36 (8.9) |  |
Parental loss | ||||
 Both parents alive | 429 (52.8) | 308 (75.9) | 121 (29.8) | < 0.01 |
 One parent alive | 238 (29.3) | 85 (20.9) | 153 (37.7) |  |
 Both parents died | 145 (17.9) | 13 (3.2) | 132 (32.5) |  |
Negative life events | ||||
 None | 80 (9.9) | 51 (12.6) | 29 (7.1) | < 0.01 |
 1–5 events | 476 (58.6) | 255 (62.8) | 221 (54.4) |  |
 6+ events | 256 (31.5) | 100 (24.6) | 156 (38.4) |  |
Currently smoking a, missing = 1 | ||||
 No | 761 (93.8) | 374 (92.4) | 387 (95.3) | 0.08 |
 Yes | 50 (6.2) | 31 (7.6) | 19 (4.7) |  |
Current khat use, missing = 1 | ||||
 No | 739 (91.1) | 364 (89.9) | 375 (92.4) | 0.21 |
 Yes | 72 (8.9) | 41 (10.1) | 31 (7.6) |  |
Emotional problems # | ||||
 Not present | 728 (89.7) | 387 (95.3) | 341 (84.0) | < 0.01 |
 Present | 84 (10.3) | 19 (4.7) | 65 (16.0) |  |
Asset index score b – mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.6) | 2.6 (1.6) | 2.2 (1.6) | < 0.01 |
Negative life events scale c – median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 5 (3–7) | < 0.01 ‡ |
PHQ-9 score d – median (IQR) | 4 (1–9) | 3 (1–6) | 6 (3–10) | < 0.01 ‡ |
GAD-7 score e – median (IQR) | 4 (1–7) | 3 (0–5) | 5 (2–8) | < 0.01 ‡ |