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Table 2 Adjusted healthcare expenditures and resource utilization between matched adult (> = 18 years) respondents with and without an opioid prescription from the MEPS, 2008 to 2017

From: Trends in healthcare expenditures and resource utilization among a nationally representative population with opioids in the United States: a serial cross-sectional study, 2008 to 2017

Outcome

Total (weighted n = 63,233,310)*

Respondents with an opioid prescription (weighted n = 31,696,671)*

Respondents without an opioid prescription (weighted n = 31,536,639)*

P-value**

Expenditures

 Total expenditures ($), mean (SD)

$11,817 (9592)

$16,542 (10,805)

$7067 (4683)

< 0.001

 Prescription expenditures ($), mean (SD)

$2681 (2481)

$3067 (2767)

$2293 (2084)

< 0.001

 Outpatient expenditures ($), mean (SD)

$1228 (995)

$1804 (1052)

$650 (449)

< 0.001

 Emergency department expenditures ($), mean (SD)

$476 (300)

$703 (253)

$249 (112)

< 0.001

 Inpatient expenditures ($), mean (SD)

$3630 (3374)

$5610 (3595)

$1640 (1384)

< 0.001

Resources

 Number of prescriptions filled, mean (SD)

24.3 (19.1)

29.5 (21.7)

19.0 (14.2)

< 0.001

 Number of office-based visits, mean (SD)

10.2 (5.1)

12.4 (5.4)

8.1 (3.7)

< 0.001

 Number of emergency department visits, mean (SD)

0.42 (0.29)

0.59 (0.29)

0.25 (0.15)

< 0.001

 Number of inpatient night stays, mean (SD)

1.10 (1.20)

1.61 (1.39)

0.58 (0.65)

< 0.001

  1. *Adjusted using a two-part model controlling for the following covariates: age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, year, region, poverty status, insurance status, education, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, angina, myocardial infarction, orthostatic hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis
  2. **Margins command