Table 5 1-month pre-operative to 90-days post-operative initial and cumulative prescription opioid filling volume by state in oxycodone 5-mg equivalents. States with no opioid legislation were included for comparison. The mean date of legislation (9/10/2017) was used for states without opioid legislation. Mean (standard deviation, sample size) displayed. Sample sizes for initial opioid filling volume only include patients with at least one filled opioid prescription during the timeframe

62.9 (41.1; n = 4726)

62.3 (39.5; n = 751)

151 (108.5; n = 6942)

139.8 (104.8; n = 1094)

49 (31.6; n = 5400)

43.9 (28; n = 901)

121.3 (96.7; n = 10,543)

94.5 (80.9; n = 1607)

59.4 (37.7; n = 7225)

49.3 (31.6; n = 251)

144.6 (106.5; n = 10,019)

102.4 (83.8; n = 355)

55.1 (36; n = 11,955)

45.4 (27.5; n = 2470)

124.5 (95.7; n = 18,023)

89.9 (75.1; n = 3541)

68.8 (42; n = 564)

61.7 (42.9; n = 55)

162.1 (108.1; n = 804)

154.6 (113.3; n = 79)

53.8 (35.1; n = 5103)

45.6 (26.5; n = 1817)

121.1 (93.7; n = 8447)

97.5 (81.1; n = 2756)

61.2 (38.3; n = 2143)

61.5 (32.3; n = 379)

141.6 (100.6; n = 2821)

104 (80.4; n = 499)

60.8 (39.9; n = 565)

40.2 (35.4; n = 72)

115.8 (89.2; n = 990)

91.8 (96.9; n = 111)

61.8 (41.3; n = 8802)

54.4 (33.8; n = 918)

155.4 (109; n = 11,731)

135.2 (98.8; n = 1229)

62.4 (41.2; n = 2912)

59.1 (37.1; n = 366)

163.7 (111.7; n = 3924)

146.8 (108.9; n = 468)

61.5 (37.5; n = 4644)

48.9 (31.1; n = 1846)

136.1 (98.9; n = 6875)

104.5 (86.8; n = 2586)

60.6 (38.5; n = 16,155)

50 (31; n = 1035)

148.2 (107.3; n = 23,048)

117.4 (91.6; n = 1385)

66.4 (43; n = 7591)

50.5 (29.9; n = 277)

152.7 (104.8; n = 11,605)

111.1 (87.7; n = 418)

55.3 (33.8; n = 1072)

47.6 (27; n = 274)

134.7 (96.7; n = 1450)

93.1 (75.7; n = 369)

65 (43.5; n = 16,052)

52.8 (34.3; n = 5847)

129.9 (98; n = 25,301)

101.5 (83.6; n = 8430)

53.5 (36.2; n = 14,895)

50.3 (31.8; n = 4099)

132.4 (100.5; n = 22,882)

110.2 (87.8; n = 5739)

65 (42; n = 1415)

59.4 (32.7; n = 145)

151.2 (106.6; n = 2263)

136.4 (97.5; n = 213)

57.7 (38.3; n = 5826)

52 (32.2; n = 1224)

143.8 (103; n = 8585)

116.2 (91.4; n = 1832)

59.6 (38.1; n = 2636)

53.8 (33.1; n = 28)

138.9 (104.2; n = 3794)

118.5 (89.9; n = 55)

51.5 (27.3; n = 237)

41.8 (22; n = 21)

125.4 (86.9; n = 405)

110 (113.2; n = 38)

59.2 (38; n = 6526)

55.2 (34.5; n = 678)

140.2 (102.7; n = 10,374)

113 (91.3; n = 1002)

57.7 (37; n = 24,998)

46.6 (29.3; n = 2646)

141.4 (102.5; n = 36,003)

105.8 (88.9; n = 3763)

56.7 (34.1; n = 970)

39.6 (29.6; n = 421)

135.6 (98.5; n = 1407)

116.2 (105.3; n = 574)

66.9 (46.2; n = 2756)

60.7 (37.7; n = 367)

160.5 (110; n = 3752)

128 (96; n = 483)

50.1 (31.4; n = 1874)

42.6 (26.7; n = 1204)

108.6 (92; n = 3135)

84.7 (80; n = 1710)

58.8 (38.1; n = 7721)

51.7 (31.8; n = 1167)

133.9 (99.5; n = 11,978)

109.9 (89.7; n = 1768)

54.4 (38; n = 2898)

55.4 (33.5; n = 315)

146.5 (110.6; n = 4109)

130.3 (100.1; n = 415)

53.1 (37.3; n = 1688)

51.8 (36.6; n = 173)

138.3 (107.9; n = 2546)

117.6 (99.9; n = 231)

65.9 (43; n = 12,892)

64.5 (39.9; n = 1013)

148.6 (106.7; n = 21,706)

135.4 (101.2; n = 1661)

49.7 (28; n = 473)

52.4 (56; n = 49)

120.3 (92.6; n = 733)

108.9 (101.1; n = 74)

58.1 (36.7; n = 10,808)

56.4 (38.2; n = 699)

145.9 (103.1; n = 14,847)

126.8 (94.9; n = 974)

55.9 (36.3; n = 774)

56.2 (41.5; n = 83)

140 (101.4; n = 1299)

126.6 (96.7; n = 119)

54.7 (37.4; n = 11,995)

57.1 (39.8; n = 969)

143.3 (103.6; n = 17,967)

129.6 (96; n = 1377)

59.1 (37.7; n = 2143)

59.4 (36.8; n = 184)

145.8 (103.2; n = 3183)

128.3 (100.9; n = 255)

62.2 (42.4; n = 4561)

61.1 (35.5; n = 405)

150.1 (104.8; n = 6727)

136.7 (96.1; n = 554)

56.3 (38.1; n = 1373)

54.1 (39; n = 105)

147.2 (105.5; n = 2062)

147 (118.2; n = 164)

56 (33.8; n = 823)

54 (30; n = 74)

123.1 (96.4; n = 1378)

98.8 (61.5; n = 120)

48.6 (29.4; n = 853)

47.8 (31; n = 98)

108.6 (85.8; n = 1396)

104.5 (78.5; n = 124)

60.6 (38.4; n = 1014)

60 (41; n = 110)

139.8 (102.8; n = 1518)

126.8 (95.6; n = 141)

48.4 (30.8; n = 1070)

49.1 (32.8; n = 168)

118.8 (88.3; n = 1797)

101.2 (76.8; n = 230)

53.4 (34.5; n = 6770)

46.1 (24.5; n = 531)

130.2 (97.1; n = 11,673)

103.5 (83.5; n = 793)

52.3 (41.8; n = 479)

43 (23.3; n = 48)

125.1 (98.4; n = 733)

107.1 (82.9; n = 65)