Table 1 Sample characteristics
| Â | All | Data from the Swedish in- and outpatient register | Data from the Swedish Cause of death register | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 22,079 | No opioid OD N = 17,759 (80.4%) | Opioid OD N = 4320 (19.6%) | No fatal opioid OD N = 21,232 (96.2%) | Fatal opioid OD N = 747 (3.4%) | |||||
Mean/% | N | Mean/% | N | Mean/% | N | Mean/% | N | Mean/% | |
Male sex | 61.1% | 17,759 | 59.2% | 4320 | 68.7% | 21,332 | 60.5% | 747 | 76.9% |
Age at OUD registration | 39.3 (16.3) | 17,759 | 40.8 (16.8) | 4320 | 33.1 (12.3) | 21,332 | 39.5 (16.4) | 747 | 33.0 (11.2) |
Year of birth | 1972 (16.7) | 17,759 | 1971 (17.2) | 4320 | 1978 (12.8) | 21,332 | 1972 (16.8) | 747 | 1976 (11.7) |
Country of birth | |||||||||
 Sweden | 82.1% | 14,445 | 81.3% | 3688 | 85.4% | 17,494 | 82.0% | 639 | 85.5% |
 Nordic countries | 3.4% | 629 | 3.5% | 116 | 2.7% | 716 | 3.4% | 29 | 3.9% |
 Europe | 4.9% | 904 | 5.1% | 184 | 4.3% | 1062 | 5.0% | 26 | 3.5% |
 Asia | 6.9% | 1320 | 7.4% | 209 | 4.8% | 1494 | 7.0% | 35 | 4.7% |
 Outside Europe/Asia | 2.7% | 461 | 2.6% | 123 | 2.9% | 566 | 2.7% | 18 | 2.4% |
Criminal conviction | 56.6% | 17,759 | 52.6% | 4320 | 73.1% | 21,332 | 55.8% | 747 | 79.1% |
Education (years) | 10.8 (2.4) | 17,061 | 10.9 (2.4) | 4192 | 10.3 (2.0) | 20,513 | 10.8 (2.4) | 740 | 10.4 (1.9) |
School grades | −1.06 (1.1) | 7789 | − 1.0 (1.1) | 2476 | − 1.2 (1.1) | 9828 | −1.1 (1.1) | 437 | −1.16 (1.1) |
IQ | −0.66 (0.9) | 4662 | −0.62 (0.9) | 1314 | − 0.79 (0.8) | 5675 | − 0.65 (0.9) | 301 | −0.82 (0.8) |
Resilience | −0.80 (1.0) | 4106 | −0.77 (1.0) | 1127 | − 0.92 (1.0) | 4965 | −0.79 (1.0) | 268 | −1.01 (0.9) |
Parental education (years) | 10.7 (2.5) | 14,469 | 10.6 (2.6) | 3891 | 10.8 (2.4) | 17,673 | 10.7 (2.5) | 687 | 10.7 (2.4) |
Social welfare | 35.3% | 17,397 | 31.3% | 4246 | 51.5% | 20,903 | 34.7% | 740 | 52.2% |
Income | 0 (1) | 17,397 | 0.04 (1.1) | 4246 | −0.15 (0.6) | 20.903 | 0.01 (0.5) | 740 | −0.16 (0.4) |
Neighborhood deprivation | 0.81 (2.0) | 17,081 | 0.78 (2.0) | 4056 | 0.96 (2.2) | 20,437 | 0.80 (2.0) | 700 | 1.06 (2.1) |
Married | 35.4% | 17,759 | 38.7% | 4320 | 22.0% | 21,332 | 35.9% | 747 | 20.6% |
1 ≤ children | 50.6% | 17,759 | 53.0% | 4320 | 40.6% | 21,332 | 51.1% | 747 | 36.7% |
Distance to mother (km) | 88.2 (484) | 11,428 | 76 (387) | 3225 | 133 (729) | 14,086 | 88 (482) | 567 | 96 (508) |
Distance to father (km) | 118.9 (532) | 9217 | 98.7 (444) | 2676 | 156 (761) | 11,418 | 111 (532) | 475 | 115 (552) |
Prior OUD/opioid OD | 3.0% | 17,759 | 2.4% | 4320 | 5.8% | 21,332 | 20.8 | 747 | 41.5% |
Inpatient registration of OUD | 29.1% | 17,759 | 27.6% | 4320 | 35.0% | 21,332 | 28.8% | 747 | 37.3% |
Psychiatric disorder | 60.3% | 17,759 | 57.6% | 4320 | 71.1% | 21,332 | 60.1% | 747 | 65.1% |