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Table 1 Sample characteristics by user group for the total survey sample

From: Use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other substances during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe: a survey on 36,000 European substance users

 

Any substance users (n = 36,538)

Alcohol users (n = 35,753)

Tobacco users (n = 9816)

Cannabis users (n = 3289)

Other illegal drug users (n = 1961)

% (95% CI) or mean (95% CI)

Sex

 Female

51.6% (49.2, 54.0%)

52.1% (49.7%,54.6%)

46.6% (42.5, 50.7%)

37.8% (30.5, 45.0%)

36.0% (26.2, 45.8%)

 Male

47.8% (45.0, 50.5%)

47.2% (44.4, 50.0%)

52.1% (47.8, 56.5%)

59.9% (53.8, 65.9%)

61.8% (54.0, 69.5%)

 Other

0.6% (0.0, 4.4%)

0.7% (0.0, 4.5%)

1.3% (0.0, 7.6%)

2.4% (0.0, 12.1%)

2.3% (0.0, 14.2%)

Age group

 18–34

33.5% (30.4, 36.6%)

34.2% (31.0, 37.3%)

38.1% (33.1, 43.1%)

54.6% (48.0, 61.1%)

50.7% (41.8, 59.6%)

 35–54

43.4% (40.7, 46.1%)

43.6% (40.9, 46.4%)

42.4% (37.9, 46.8%)

32.5% (25.0, 40.0%)

35.4% (25.6, 45.2%)

 55+

23.1% (20.1, 26.1%)

22.2% (19.1, 25.2%)

19.5% (14.6, 24.4%)

12.9% (4.4, 21.4%)

13.9% (2.9, 24.9%)

Education

 Low

10.6% (6.9, 14.2%)

9.1% (5.4, 12.9%)

15.5% (9.8, 21.3%)

15.2% (5.9, 24.5%)

15.6% (3.6, 27.5%)

 Middle

44.1% (41.2, 47.1%)

44.2% (41.1, 47.2%)

47.4% (42.7, 52.0%)

52.9% (46.0, 59.8%)

53.3% (44.2, 62.4%)

 High

45.3% (43.0, 47.7%)

46.7% (44.3, 49.1%)

37.1% (32.9, 41.3%)

31.9% (25.3, 38.6%)

31.1% (22.7, 39.6%)

Personal income

 Low

52.5% (49.8, 55.2%)

51.6% (48.8, 54.4%)

58.7% (54.6, 62.8%)

57.1% (50.6, 63.5%)

58.3% (49.8, 66.8%)

 Middle

24.9% (21.9, 27.9%)

25.1% (22.1, 28.1%)

22.7% (17.7, 27.8%)

24.3% (16.0, 32.5%)

21.4% (11.0, 31.8%)

 High

22.6% (19.5, 25.6%)

23.3% (20.2, 26.4%)

18.5% (13.1, 23.9%)

18.7% (10.3, 27.0%)

20.3% (9.6, 31.0%)

AUDIT-C sum score a

 Mean

4.5 (4.4, 4.5)

4.5 (4.4, 4.5)

5.2 (5.2, 5.3)

5.5 (5.4, 5.6)

5.7 (5.6, 5.8)

 Score = 8 or more

17.8% (14.2, 21.4%)

17.8% (14.2, 21.4%)

25.8% (19.9, 31.6%)

24.2% (15.4, 33.1%)

28.5% (17.4, 39.5%)

Restrictions in day-to-day life

 not at all

4.6% (0.4, 8.8%)

3.9% (0.0, 8.2%)

8.0% (1.1, 14.9%)

11.3% (0.6, 22.1%)

18.1% (4.8, 31.4%)

 to some degree

25.6% (22.1, 29.0%)

25.5% (21.9, 29.0%)

24.2% (18.5, 30.0%)

18.5% (9.2, 27.7%)

15.2% (3.9, 26.4%)

 to a substantial degree

33.1% (30.1, 36.0%)

33.5% (30.5, 36.5%)

32.0% (27.1, 36.9%)

31.1% (23.4, 38.8%)

32.1% (21.6, 42.7%)

 to a very high degree

36.8% (34.2, 39.3%)

37.1% (34.5, 39.7%)

35.8% (31.5, 40.1%)

39.1% (32.4, 45.8%)

34.6% (25.9, 43.3%)

Financial loss

 not at all

38.3% (35.6, 41.0%)

37.9% (35.1, 40.7%)

35.8% (31.1, 40.5%)

38.5% (31.1, 45.9%)

41.6% (32.0, 51.2%)

 to some degree

34.8% (31.9, 37.8%)

35.3% (32.3, 38.3%)

32.3% (27.4, 37.3%)

28.3% (20.5, 36.0%)

21.4% (11.8, 31.1%)

 to a substantial degree

15.3% (11.7, 18.8%)

15.3% (11.7, 18.9%)

17.4% (11.6, 23.2%)

16.7% (7.4, 26.0%)

20.0% (7.4, 32.5%)

 to a very high degree

11.6% (8.2, 15.0%)

11.5% (8.0, 15.0%)

14.5% (8.9, 20.1%)

16.5% (7.7, 25.3%)

17.0% (5.9, 28.1%)

Direct SARS-CoV-2 contact

11.6% (8.1, 15.1%)

11.6% (8.0, 15.1%)

11.1% (5.3, 16.9%)

11.7% (2.8, 20.6%)

9.9% (0.0, 20.9%)

  1. Note. 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals
  2. a Calculated for those who report any alcohol use: tobacco users, n = 9060; cannabis users, n = 3141; other illegal drug users, n = 1873