Table 3 Mean Cost in Past 30 Days at Study Base line

 Emergency department visits (hospital-based)

Emergency department visits

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [24]

$989

$68

$98

$105

  Hospitalization days

Inpatient hospital stay (per night)

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [24]

$4255

$1664

$3156

$1332

  Residential drug or alcohol treatment / detox hospital stay days

Residential drug treatment facility (per day)

ADSS cost study (SAMHSA 1997) [25]

$126

$87

$65

$43

  Hospital clinic / outpatient department visits

Outpatient visit (community clinic or private doctor)

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [24]

$1128

$45

$10

$18

  Community clinic / neighborhood health center visits

Outpatient visit (community clinic or private doctor)

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [24]

$1128

$51

$11

$19

  Physician visits

Outpatient visit (community clinic or private doctor)

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [24]

$1128

$4.40

$2.36

$2.31

  Mental healthcare provider visits (psychological/emotional issues)

Psychologist visit

Physician Fee Schedule (Code 90834) [26,27,28]

$85

$2.51

$1.46

$2.45

  Mental healthcare provider visits (medication management)

Psychologist visit

Physician Fee Schedule (Code 99212) [26,27,28]

$44

$0.92

$0.49

$0.87

  Alcohol / drug treatment provider visits

Individual visit with substance use provider

ADSS cost study (SAMHSA 1997) [25]

$153

$9.52

$1.11

$5.98

  Alcohol / drug treatment provider visits (medication management)

Individual visit with substance use provider

ADSS cost study (SAMHSA 1997) [25]

$44

$1.35

$1.47

$1.61

$1934

$3347

$1530

 Days experiencing alcohol problems

Day experiencing psychological or psychiatric problems

McCollister, Yang [17]

$19

$15

$30

 Days experiencing drug problems

Day experiencing psychological or psychiatric problems

McCollister, Yang [17]

$19

$160

$86

 Purchase of alcohol

N/A

Self-report

N/A

$22

$68

 Purchase of drugs

N/A

Self-report

N/A

$657

$200