From: Changes in opioid-related deaths following increased access to opioid substitution treatment
Period 1 (n=88) | Period 2 (n=105) | Total (n=193) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at death, median (Q1;Q3) | 33.0 (27.25; 42.75) | 35.0 (25.0; 43.0) | 34.0 (26.5;43.0) |
Male gender | 73 (83.0%) | 84 (80.0%) | 157 (81.3%) |
Resident in city with increased access to OSTa | 62 (70.5%) | 57 (54.3%) | 119 (61.7%) |
Stable housing | 57 (64.8%) | 79 (75.2%) | 136 (70.5%) |
Opioid substitution treatment, ongoing at time of death or discharged in last year of life | 15 (17.0%) | 28 (27.2%) | 43 (22.5%) |
Opioid substitution at time of death | 7 (8.0%) | 23 (22.3%) | 30 (15.7%) |
Methadone substitution treatment at time of death | 7 (8.0%) | 20 (19.0%) | 27 (14.0%) |
Buprenorphine substitution treatment at time of death | 8 (9.1%) | 8 (7.6%) | 16 (8.3%) |
Sedatives (Benzodiazepines, Z-drugs or pregabalin) | 79 (89.8%) | 83 (79.0%) | 162 (83.9%) |
Benzodiazepines | 67 (76.1%) | 73 (69.5%) | 140 (72.5%) |
CNS stimulants | 20 (22.7%) | 24 (22.9%) | 44 (22.8%) |
THC | 18 (20.5%) | 20 (19.0%) | 38 (19.7%) |
Alcohol (≥ 0.5‰)b | 17 (19.3%) | 16 (15.2%) | 33 (17.1%) |
Heroin intoxication c | 19 (21.6%) | 21 (20.0%) | 40 (20.7%) |
Methadone intoxication c,d | 41 (46.6%) | 43 (41.0%) | 84 (43.5%) |
Buprenorphine intoxication c | 12 (13.6%) | 18 (17.1%) | 30 (15.5%) |
Fentanyl intoxication c,e,f | 11 (12.5%) | 17 (16.2%) | 28 (14.5%) |
Oxycodone/morphine intoxication c,g | 5 (5.7%) | 6 (5.7%) | 11 (5.7%) |