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Table 4 Factors that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder in tuberculosis patients

From: Prevalence and associated factors for alcohol use disorder among tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Factors that increase the risk of AUD in tuberculosis patients

Factors that are protective of AUD in tuberculosis patients

❖ Socio-demographic factors

Male gender [11, 12, 25, 36, 48]

Age older than 35 years [12]

Being single, divorced or widowed [12, 13]

Being unemployed [13]

Being black American [36]

Coloured ethnicity [48]

Low level of education [12, 48]

No educational background [11]

Low level of income (<70US$ per month) [12] and poverty [48]

❖ Socio-demographic factors

41 to 54 years of age [44]

Higher educational achievement and marital relationship [12, 44]

Female gender [12]

❖ Clinical and tuberculosis related factors

Being on category-II tuberculosis treatment(relapse and treatment failure) [12]

TB retreatment patient status and non-adherence to anti-TB medication [48]

Patients with chronic/relapsing form of tuberculosis [37]

Patients with perceived TB stigma [11]

Patients who feel ashamed of having TB [11]

People close to you would avoid you because of TB [11]

HIV-co-infection and low HIV CD4-count [11]

Having cavitary lesions on chest radiographic examination [36]

Smear positive and culture positive types of TB [36]

❖ Clinical and tuberculosis related factors

Tuberculosis treatment category I and III [12]

Having extra pulmonary TB as compared to Pulmonary of mixed type of TB [36]

Good tuberculosis medication adherence [48]

❖ Substance related variables

Current tobacco use [44]

 
  1. Key: HIV Human Immune Virus, TB Tuberculosis