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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with different forms of alcohol use among the college students

From: Factors associated with different forms of alcohol use behaviors among college students in Bhutan: a cross-sectional study

Factor Current drinking Binge drinking
Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis
OR 95%CI p-value AOR 95%CI p-value OR 95%CI p-value AOR 95%CI p-value
Age (years)
 ≤ 20 1.00       1.00      
 > 20 0.84 0.53–0.32 0.444     0.95 0.59–1.54 0.838    
Sex
 Male 1.00       1.00      
 Female 1.23 0.77–1.95 0.389     0.69 0.42–1.10 0.687    
Year of study
 First Year 1.00       1.00      
 Second year 1.21 0.66–2.21 0.540     1.07 0.57–2.02 0.822    
 Third year 0.93 0.51–1.69 0.825     1.03 0.56–1.90 0.926    
Residence
 Living with parents 1.00       1.00      
 College dormitory 1.39 0.76–2.52 0.285     0.71 0.39–1.27 0.254    
Household income (Ngultrum)
 Low income (< 164,829) 1.79 1.05–3.04 0.032* 2.59 1.29–5.21 0.007* 1.00    1.00   
 High income (≥164,829) 1.00    1.00    3.07 1.86–5.08 < 0.001* 3.03 1.72–5.31 < 0.001*
Tobacco use
 Yes 1.00    1.00    2.60 1.59–4.25 < 0.001* 2.28 1.35–3.87 0.002*
 No 2.65 1.59–4.24 < 0.001* 6.99 2.90–16.81 < 0.001* 1.00    1.00   
Drug use
 Yes 1.24 0.54–2.84 0.604     1.87 0.82–4.24 0.135    
 No 1.00       1.00      
Father’s education
 No formal education 1.00       1.00      
 Primary education 1.11 0.61–2.01 0.741     1.28 0.65–2.56 0.469    
 Secondary education 0.83 0.40–1.69 0.602     0.81 0.38–1.71 0.576    
 Higher education 1.09 0.54–2.20 0.799     2.21 1.22–4.01 0.009*    
Mother’s education
 No formal education 1.00       1.00      
 Primary education 0.61 0.32–0.18 0.142     1.27 0.65–2.46 0.48    
 Secondary education 1.23 0.56–2.28 0.736     2.19 1.09–4.41 0.028*    
 Higher education 0.79 0.31–2.00 0.619     3.10 1.28–7.50 0.012*    
Parents drinking
 Yes 0.82 0.52–1.29 0.395     1.76 1.06–2.91 0.029* 1.75 1.02–3.01 (0.042*)
 No 1.00       1.00    1.00   
 Having close friend who use alcohol             
 Yes 1.00    1.00    3.08 1.48–6.40 0.003* 2.26 1.05–4.87 (0.038*)
 No 3.26 1.78–5.98 < 0.001* 5.14 3.04–8.69 < 0.001* 1.00    1.00   
  1. *Significant level at α = 0.0
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

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