Table 3 Regression Model of Healthcare Costs of ED Patients with Illicit Drug SUD

Intercept

6.8428

0.0062

<.0001

Gender

Female^a

0.0554

0.0034

<.0001

Male (ref.)

–

–

–

Age

Age^a

0.0034

0.0001

<.0001

Ethnicity

Hispanic^a

0.0634

0.0056

<.0001

Non-Hispanic (ref.)

–

–

–

Race

Black

0.0046

0.0043

0.2773

Other^a

0.0376

0.0078

<.0001

White (reference)

–

–

–

Rural

Rural^a

0.0771

0.0085

<.0001

Urban (ref.)

–

–

–

Payer

Uninsured^a

−0.098

0.0049

<.0001

Medicare^a

0.08

0.0063

<.0001

Medicaid^a

−0.0187

0.0055

0.0007

Other^a

0.0793

0.0087

<.0001

Commercial (ref.)

–

–

–

LOS

LOS^a

0.559

0.0023

<.0001

Trauma Alert

Trauma Alert^a

1.668

0.0398

<.0001

Non-Trauma Alert (ref.)

–

–

–

Physical Comorbidities

Liver Disease^a

0.3739

0.0161

<.0001

Severe Liver Disease^a

0.4058

0.0970

<.0001

HIV/AIDS

−0.0083

0.0193

0.6675

None (ref.)

–

–

–

Mental Comorbidities

Anxiety^a

0.1225

0.0057

<.0001

Mood

0.0455

0.0279

0.1024

Schizophrenia and Personality^a

−0.1118

0.0087

<.0001

Bipolar^a

0.0308

0.0083

0.0002

Depression^a

0.0418

0.0067

<.0001

Conduct

−0.0245

0.0463

0.5962

PTSD^a

−0.028

0.0137

0.0402

ADHD^a

−0.0807

0.0187

<.0001

None (ref.)

–

–

–

Drugs

Opioids^a

−0.3567

0.0047

<.0001

Sedatives^a

−0.2146

0.0108

<.0001

Cocaine^a

0.0885

0.0051

<.0001

Stimulants^a

−0.0186

0.0072

0.0096

Hallucinogens^a

−0.0823

0.0250

0.001

Inhalants^a

−0.1435

0.0316

<.0001

Multiple Drugs^a

0.0594

0.0058

<.0001

Cannabis (ref.)

–

–

–

Teaching Hospital

Teaching^a

−0.2618

0.0059

<.0001

Non-Teaching (ref.)

–

–

–

Hospital Ownership

For-Profit^a

0.0830

0.0038

<.0001

Government^a

−0.2420

0.0049

<.0001

Not-For-Profit (ref.)

–

–

–