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Table 4 Comparison of Provider-Perceived Barriers to Buprenorphine vs. Extended-Release Naltrexone. Detailed Table Summary: Paired sample t-tests revealed statistically significantly different responses along only two barriers to prescribing buprenorphine versus extended-release naltrexone: concerns about diversion (paired t [33]=6.083, p = 0.000) and professional licensing board oversight (paired t [31]=3.311, p = 0.002)

From: A mixed-method comparison of physician-reported beliefs about and barriers to treatment with medications for opioid use disorder

Perceptions

Buprenorphine

Naltrexone

t

df

Mean of the Difference

Cohen’s d

95% Confidence Interval

p

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

Lower

Upper

Concerns about diversion

37

2.216 (1.084)

37

1.216

(0.630)

6.083

36

1.000

1.128

0.667

1.333

0.000*

Lack of patient interest

36

1.944 (1.068)

36

2.361

(1.046)

−1.838

35

− 0.417

0.394

− 0.877

0.044

0.075

Law enforcement oversight

37

1.757

(1.211)

27

1.270

(0.652)

2.991

36

0.486

0.501

0.157

0.816

0.005

Professional licensing board oversight

35

1.657

(1.056)

35

1.200

(0.584)

3.311

34

0.457

0.536

0.177

0.738

0.002*

MOUD patients would unfavorably affect my patient mix

33

1.394

(0.966)

33

1.212

(0.650)

1.359

32

0.182

0.221

−0.091

0.454

0.184

My co-workers do not support provision of MOUD in my practice

36

1.333

(0.894)

36

1.222

(0.591)

1.071

35

0.111

0.146

−0.099

0.322

0.291

Managers/ admin. do not support provision of MOUD in my practice

35

1.286

(0.869)

35

1.400

(0.946)

−0.702

34

−0.114

0.126

−0.445

0.217

0.487

Reimbursement rates for MOUD

33

1.879

(1.269)

33

2.424

(1.226)

−2.454

32

−0.545

0.437

−0.998

− 0.093

0.02

Insurance prior authorization requirements

37

2.378

(1.277)

37

2.784

(1.109)

−1.836

36

−0.405

0.339

−0.853

0.042

0.075

Insufficient training

35

1.371

(0.942)

35

1.571

(0.948)

−1.096

34

−0.200

0.212

−0.571

0.171

0.281

Insufficient time

36

1.778

(1.149)

36

1.611

(0.871)

0.784

35

0.167

0.164

−0.265

0.598

0.439

Insufficient staff support

35

1.914

(1.246)

35

1.771

(1.087)

0.776

34

0.143

0.122

−0.231

0.517

0.443

Insufficient experience

32

1.531

(1.016)

32

1.719

(0.991)

−0.882

31

−0.188

0.187

−0.621

0.246

0.385

Insufficient resources for patient psychosocial support within community or in my practice

35

1.857

(1.115)

35

1.657

(0.968)

1.125

34

0.200

0.192

−0.161

0.561

0.268

Insufficient resources for patient detoxification within the community or in my practice

34

1.706

(1.194)

34

1.971

(1.167)

−1.391

33

−0.265

0.224

−0.652

0.122

0.173

  1. Notes: MOUD medication for opioid use disorder. Questions asked about the MOUDs buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone were compared in these results using paired samples t-tests (alpha = 0.05, two-tailed level). * indicates significance once a Bonferroni Correction of α = .05/15 = .0033 was applied