Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses
Reference | Country | Type of study | Years of Study | N (N of outcome) | Measurement of AUD (N of people with AUD) | Outcome | Risk Relationsa Adjusted yes/no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alavi et al., 2018 [29] | Australia | Cohort study based on record linkage | 1995–2013 (1995–2012 HCV notifications) | 82,526 (2559) | Non-liver-related hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders 2001–2013 (prior to outcome) (N = 14,797) | First-time hospitalization (or death, if no prior hospitalization) due to decompensated cirrhosis | HR: 3.68 (3.38–4.00) y |
Alavi et al., 2018 [29] | Canada | Cohort study based on record linkage | 1995–2012 (1995–2011 HCV notifications) | 55,873 (2443) | Non-liver-related hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders 2001–2012 (prior to outcome) (N = 11,078) | First-time hospitalization (or death, if no prior hospitalization) due to decompensated cirrhosis | HR: 1.92 (1.76–2.10) y |
Alavi et al., 2018 [29]b | Scotland | Cohort study based on record linkage | 1995–2014 (1995–2013 HCV notifications) | 30,746 (1020) | Non-liver-related hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders 2001–2014 (prior to outcome) (N = 8757) | First-time hospitalization (or death, if no prior hospitalization) due to decompensated cirrhosis | HR: 3.88 (3.42–4.40) y |
Harris et al., 2001 [19] | USA | Retrospective cohort study. | 1968–1980 | 836 (142) | Loss of friends, family or job because of drinking; admitted to ever having a problem with alcoholism, medical records; sustained use of > 80 g/day (N = 149) | Liver cirrhosis | OR: 4.0 (2.1–7.7) y |
Lim et al., 2014 [30] | USA | Case-control study | 2002–2010 | 997 (27) | ICD-9 diagnosis for alcohol dependence/abuse recorded (N = 376) | Medical record–confirmed decompensated cirrhosis | OR: 2.46 (1.13–5.37) n |
Marcellin et al., 2014 [31] | France | Case-control study | Not specified | 304 (77) | Alcohol-related problems (physician’s report) (N = 41) | Advanced fibrosis | OR: 3.06 (1.42–6.60) y |
Marcellin et al., 2015 [32] | France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK | Case-control study | 2006 | 1333 (438) | Chronic alcoholism (physician’s judgement) (N = 55) | Advanced fibrosis | OR: 2.51 (1.24–5.08) y |
McDonald et al., 2010 [33]b | Scotland | Cohort study based on record linkage | 1996–2006 | 15,878 (481) | Hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders or 100% alcohol-attributable disease 1996–2006 (prior to outcome) (N = 274) | First-time hospitalizations (or death, if no prior hospitalization) due to decompensated cirrhosis | HR: 5.50 (4.56–6.63) y |
Nilsson et al., 2016 [34] e | Sweden | Case-control analysis at baseline of a cohort study | 2001–2010 | 284 (67 ascites, 15 variceal-bleeding, 9 encephalopathy) | Alcoholism or overconsumption of alcohol as stated in the medical records (N = 114) | Decompensated cirrhosis | OR: 3.24 (1.77–8.99)e n |
Nilsson et al., 2016 [34] c | Sweden | Cohort study | 2001–2010 (average follow-up 4.3 years) | 284 (174) | Alcoholism or overconsumption of alcohol as stated in the medical records (N = 114) | Death (majority due to liver disease) | HR: 1.83 (1.34–2.51) yd |
Schwarzinger et al., 2017 [8] | France | Retrospective cohort study based on record linkage | 2008–2013 | 97,347 (15,630) | Hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders or 100% alcohol-attributable disease (N = 28,101) | First record of decompensated cirrhosis hospitalization | OR: 6.20 (5.85–6.58) y |
Schwarzinger et al., 2017 [8] | France | Retrospective cohort study based on record linkage | 2008–2013 | 97,347 (6677) | Hospitalization due to alcohol use disorders or 100% alcohol-attributable disease (N = 28,101) | Liver death (without liver transplantation) | OR: 7.63 (8.30–7.97) y |
Sultanik et al., 2016 [35] | France | Retrospective cohort study | 2006–2015 | 341 (136) | Either ICD-10 codes describing mental and behavioural states due to alcohol use disorders or 100% alcohol attributable | Hepatocellular carcinoma (35%) and/or end-stage liver disease | HR: 1.47 (1.02–2.13) y |
Verbaan et al., 1998 [36] | Sweden | Case control | 1991–1997 | 99 (20) | Use of > 80 g/day for at least 5 years; 92% of these were registered at Department of Alcohol Diseases, University Hospital, Malmö (N = 45) | Cirrhosis | OR: 11.8 (1.9–72.1) y |
Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska et al., 2004 [37] | Poland | Cohort study | 1988–2001 | 77 (22) | History of alcohol abuse (physician’s judgment) (N = 32) | Advanced fibrosis | OR: 10.00 (2.29–43.70) n |