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Table 1 Extracted characteristics of eligible publications, including the target population, concept and context

From: Conceptualizing patient-centered care for substance use disorder treatment: findings from a systematic scoping review

Publication Characteristics

Number of references

Percentage of total references

(n = 149)

 

Publication Year:

  < 2000

17

11.4

 2000–2004

12

8.1

 2005–2009

44

29.5

 2010–2014

35

23.5

 2015-Present

41

27.5

Publication Type:

 Empirical Quantitative Study

74

49.7

 Empirical Qualitative Study

25

16.8

 Empirical Mixed-Methods

3

2.0

 Empirical Review

5

3.4

 Report

25

16.8

 Clinical Practice Guideline

17

11.4

Publication Location:

 Africa

1

0.7

 Asia

2

1.3

 Australia

8

5.4

 Europe

37

24.8

 North America

100

67.1

 South America

1

0.7

Publication Language:

 English

146

98.0

 French

3

2.0

Population Sampled or Targeted:

 Adult clients with substance-related disorders

96

64.4

 Youth clients with substance-related disorders

21

14.1

 Health care providers delivering substance use disorder treatment

27

18.1

 Both clients and health care providers

5

3.4

Primary Substance Used or Targeted:

 Alcohol

23

15.4

 Cannabis

7

4.7

 Opioids

17

11.4

 Stimulants

4

2.7

 Tobacco

13

8.7

 Poly-substance a

6

4.0

 Dual diagnosis b

19

12.8

 People receiving addiction treatment in general c

60

40.3

Health Care Setting: d

 Inpatient

28

18.8

 Outpatient

99

66.4

 Inpatient & Outpatient

22

14.8

Type of Addiction Treatment: e

 Pharmacological

7

4.7

 Psychosocial

99

66.4

 Psychosocial & Pharmacological

33

22.1

 Not specified

10

6.7

Patient-Centered Care Principles (not mutually exclusive categories):

 Holistic care

35

23.5

 Individualized care

46

30.9

 Shared decision-making

54

36.2

 Therapeutic alliance

109

73.1

 Trauma-informed care

9

6.0

 Culturally-safe care

8

5.4

 More than one principle described

63

42.3

 All four PCC principles described

7

4.7

  1. aPoly-substance use included references that targeted people using more than one substance category (e.g., alcohol, opioids and stimulants) or people using injection drugs (e.g., opioids or stimulants)
  2. bDual diagnosis included references that targeted people with diagnoses for substance-related disorders and mental health conditions (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid use)
  3. cNot a targeted substance category included references that were primarily based on convenience samples of people receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment for substance use. Therefore the samples were a mix of people with problematic licit and illicit substance use
  4. dInpatient settings included hospitals or residential addiction-specific treatment centers. Outpatient settings included general primary care or addiction specific outpatient programs (e.g., opioid agonist treatment clinics)
  5. ePharmacological treatment included any medication-based substitute interventions (e.g., methadone maintenance treatment, nicotine replacement therapy). Psychosocial treatment included any behavioural treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioural therapy, contingency management, strengths-based treatment). When a combination of behavioural and medication-assisted interventions was used, the reference was classified as using a combined approach. For the 10 references where the type of treatment was not specified, 4 references were guidelines written about general approaches for the delivery of addiction treatment, and therefore, could be considered applicable to both psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. The remaining 6 references generally described addiction treatment as delivered in residential settings or primary care based settings, without specifying the particular treatments delivered