Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
From: Family and social predictors of substance use disorder in Iran: a case-control study
Variables | Addicted (362) | Control (207) | p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|
Quantitative measures | Mean±SD | Mean±SD |  |
 Age | 31.40±7.86 | 30.39±7.52 | 0.15 |
 Age of losing parents | 18.25±11.03 | 21.93±13.71 | 0.14 |
 Birth order | 3.30±2.14 | 3.92±2.59 | 0.002 |
 Number of sisters | 2.75±1.67 | 3.13±1.82 | 0.02 |
 Number of brother | 1.81±0.46 | 1.84±0.40 | 0.51 |
 Age of starting cigarette | 17.53±4.92 | 18.53±5.67 | 0.31 |
Qualitative measures | N(%) | N(%) | Â |
 Marital statues | |||
  Single | 154(43.63) | 89(44.06) | 0.92 |
  Married | 199(56.37) | 113(55.94) | |
 Education | |||
  Primary or secondary | 200(57.80) | 40(19.80) | <0.001 |
  Diploma | 103(29.77) | 95(47.03) | |
  Collage | 43(12.43) | 67(33.17) | |
 Failed during compulsory education | |||
  No | 167(48.97) | 135(66.83) | <0.001 |
  Yes | 174(51.03) | 67(33.17) | |
 Argued with other students at school | |||
  Always/Often | 48(14.37) | 12(6.35) | 0.008 |
  Sometimes | 133(33.83) | 82(43.39) | |
  Never | 173(51.80) | 95(50.26) | |
 Lost any of your family members | |||
  No | 241(73.48) | 141(70.15) | 0.40 |
  Yes | 87(26.52) | 60(29.85) | |
 Who did you lose | |||
  Father | 42(51.85) | 26(46.06) | 0.90 |
  Mother | 29(35.80) | 21(39.62) | |
  Brother/sister | 10(12.35) | 6(11.32) | |
 Father’s education | |||
  Illiterate | 75(26.13) | 46(25.99) | 0.99 |
  Primary/ secondary | 57(19.86) | 36(20.34) | |
  High school/university | 155(54.01) | 95(53.67) | |
 Mother’s education | |||
  Illiterate | 62(22.63) | 39(21.91) | 0.94 |
  Primary/ Secondary | 39(14.23) | 24(13.48) | |
  Diploma/university | 173(63.14) | 115(64.61) | |
 Mother’s job | |||
  Homecare | 301(95.86) | 187(98.42) | 0.11 |
  Employed | 13(4.14) | 3(1.58) | |
 Father’s job | |||
  Employee | 73(23.55) | 45(24.46) | 0.10 |
  Unemployed | 25(8.06) | 7(3.80) | |
  Self-employed | 212(68.39) | 132(71.74) | |
 Parents are living together | |||
  No | 38(11.73) | 10(5.56) | 0.02 |
  Yes | 286(88.27) | 170(94.44) | |
 History of smokinga | |||
  No | 62(17.66) | 168(84.42) | <0.001 |
  Yes | 289(82.34) | 31(15.58) | |
 Smokers among relatives | |||
  No | 93(35.50) | 11(37.93) | 0.79 |
  Yes | 169(64.50) | 18(62.07) | |
 Smokers among friends | |||
  No | 24(13.79) | 3(17.65) | 0.66 |
  Yes | 150(86.21) | 14(82.35) | |
 Whom did you talk with at the time of having problem | |||
  Family | 219(64.99) | 133(69.27) | 0.04 |
  Friends | 97(28.78) | 43(22.40) | |
  Nobody | 13(3.86) | 4(2.08) | |
  Others | 8(2.37) | 12(6.25) | |
 Leisure activities | |||
  Home entertainment | 23(8.19) | 60(48.00) | <0.001 |
  Outdoor entertainment | 179(63.70) | 53(42.40) | |
  Others | 79(28.11) | 12(9.60) | |