Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with alcohol use among the Akha and Lahu youths
From: Factor associated with alcohol use among Lahu and Akha hill tribe youths, northern Thailand
Characteristics | Crude OR | 95%CI | p-value | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tribe | ||||||
  Lahu | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Akha | 1.24 | 0.93-1.66 | 0.152 | N/S | – | – |
Sex | ||||||
  Female | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Male | 4.59 | 3.36-6.28 | < 0.001a | 3.50 | 2.24-5.47 | < 0.001a |
Age (year) | ||||||
 15-19 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 20-24 | 2.01 | 1.45-2.78 | < 0.001a | N/S | – | – |
Religion | ||||||
  Christianity | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Buddhist | 1.75 | 1.27-2.41 | 0.001a | 1.88 | 1.17-3.04 | 0.009a |
Marital status | ||||||
  Single | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Married | 1.03 | 0.70-1.52 | 0.864 | N/S | – | – |
  Other | 1.39 | 0.53-3.65 | 0.506 | N/S | – | – |
Education | ||||||
  Illiterate | 1.35 | 0.70-2.60 | 0.369 | N/S | – | – |
  Primary school | 1.14 | 0.65-2.00 | 0.650 | N/S | – | – |
 Secondary school | 0.74 | 0.49-1.11 | 0.146 | N/S | – | – |
  Vocational school | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Occupation | ||||||
  Student | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Unemployed | 2.41 | 1.62-3.59 | < 0.001a | 2.20 | 1.23-3.92 | 0.008a |
  Agriculture | 1.32 | 0.71-2.45 | 0.373 | 1.16 | 0.44-3.07 | 0.757 |
  Employed | 6.28 | 3.90-10.12 | < 0.001a | 6.85 | 3.38-13.86 | < 0.001a |
  Other | 1.67 | 0.75-3.71 | 0.207 | 2.96 | 1.01-8.59 | 0.046a |
Income (baht) | ||||||
  ≤5000 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  5001-10,000 | 3.49 | 2.21-5.52 | < 0.001a | N/S | – | – |
  ≥10,001 | 3.83 | 1.35-10.89 | 0.012a | N/S | – | – |
Number of family member (persons) | ||||||
  ≤5 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  6-10 | 0.79 | 0.59-1.07 | 0.123 | N/S | – | – |
  ≥11 | 0.62 | 0.18-2.15 | 0.449 | N/S | – | – |
Father’s education | ||||||
  Illiterate | 0.35 | 0.13-0.92 | 0.033a | N/S | – | – |
  Primary school | 0.42 | 0.15-1.18 | 0.101 | N/S | – | – |
  Secondary school | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Mother’s education | ||||||
  Illiterate | 0.34 | 0.10-1.09 | 0.070 | N/S | – | – |
  Primary school | 0.42 | 0.12-1.45 | 0.171 | N/S | – | – |
  Secondary school | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Father’s occupation | ||||||
 Agriculture | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Daily employed | 1.50 | 1.05-2.13 | 0.025a | 0.97 | 0.60-1.56 | 0.903 |
 Small grocery owner | 1.67 | 0.83-3.37 | 0.148 | 1.33 | 0.55-3.19 | 0.519 |
 Unemployed | 2.81 | 1.46-5.41 | 0.002a | 2.89 | 1.23-6.79 | 0.015a |
Mother’s occupation | ||||||
 Agriculture | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Daily employed | 1.27 | 0.90-1.80 | 0.171 | N/S | – | – |
  Small grocery owner | 1.54 | 0.76-3.14 | 0.229 | N/S | – | – |
 Unemployed | 2.06 | 1.09-3.89 | 0.026a | N/S | – | – |
Alcohol use of father | ||||||
  No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Yes | 2.93 | 2.08-4.11 | < 0.001a | 2.17 | 1.40-3.35 | < 0.001a |
Alcohol use of mother | ||||||
  No | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | 1.78 | 1.19-2.68 | 0.005a | N/S | – | – |
Having conflict with parents | ||||||
 No | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Sometime | 0.93 | 0.67-1.29 | 0.669 | N/S | – | – |
 Often | 1.01 | 0.47-2.18 | 0.973 | N/S | – | – |
Parents’ conflicting | ||||||
 No | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Sometime | 0.96 | 0.68-1.35 | 0.967 | N/S | – | – |
  Often | 0.87 | 0.41-1.84 | 0.870 | N/S | – | – |
Number of closed friend from same village who used alcohol (person) | ||||||
  ≤5 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  6-10 | 11.28 | 5.29-24.04 | < 0.001a | 8.51 | 3.10-23.37 | < 0.001a |
  ≥11 | 4.86 | 2.05-11.53 | < 0.001a | 3.84 | 1.15-12.77 | 0.028a |
Number of closed friend from outside the village who used alcohol (persons) | ||||||
  ≤5 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  6-10 | 3.98 | 2.01-7.88 | < 0.001a | N/S | – | – |
  ≥11 | 5.18 | 2.51-10.67 | < 0.001a | N/S | – | – |
Knowledge regarding the impact on alcohol use | ||||||
 Low | 1.39 | 0.48-2.36 | 0.231 | N/S | – | – |
 Moderate | 1.22 | 0.77-2.18 | 0.304 | N/S | – | – |
 High | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Attitude regarding the impact on alcohol use | ||||||
 Low | 1.42 | 0.88-1.73 | 0.451 | N/S | – | – |
 Moderate | 1.09 | 0.61-1.42 | 0.360 | N/S | – | – |
 High | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |