Table 2 Pain clinic definition typologies

Provider-based

Supervision-based

Who owns, manages or oversees the clinic

[16, 47]

Composition-based

Combination of staff

[16, 47, 49, 62,63,64]

Outcome-based (Aim-based)

Outcome/goal distinct from chronic pain management for general population

[16, 47, 49, 61,62,63, 65,66,67,68]

Treatment-based

Single-modality pain clinic

Single approach to pain treatment

[16, 46, 49, 68, 69]

Multidisciplinary

Multiple approaches to pain treatment

[16, 46, 47, 55, 67, 69,70,71]

Interdisciplinary

Integrate multiple approaches to pain treatment through coordinated team

[53, 55, 68, 72]

Marketing-based

Advertise themselves as location where pain is managed

[58, 64, 73, 74]

Patient Case Mix

Ratio of pain management patients to providers

[47]