| Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p - value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p - value |
CES-D total scorea | ||||
 (≥ 16 vs. < 16) | 1.63 (1.23–2.18) | 0.001 | 1.40 (1.03–1.92) | 0.035 |
Age | ||||
 (per 10-year increase) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | 0.002 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.096 |
Gender | ||||
 (male vs. female) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.214 | 0.99 (0.74–1.31) | 0.927 |
Caucasian ethnicity | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 0.869 |  |  |
Calendar year | ||||
 (per 1-year increase) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | 0.564 |  |  |
HIV serostatus | ||||
 (positive vs. negative) | 0.82 (0.64–1.06) | 0.139 |  |  |
Homelessnessb | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 (yes vs. no) | 1.31 (1.00–1.72) | 0.049 | 1.11 (0.83–1.49) | 0.467 |
Any injection drug useb | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 (yes vs. no) | 1.37 (1.03–1.84) | 0.032 | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | 0.224 |
Daily heroin useb | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 (yes vs. no) | 1.13 (0.84–1.52) | 0.419 |  |  |
Daily cocaine useb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 0.87 (0.53–1.35) | 0.543 |  |  |
Daily crystal methamphetamine useb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.80 (1.05–3.01) | 0.027 |  |  |
Daily prescription opioid useb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.44 (0.87–2.32) | 0.140 |  |  |
Incarcerationb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.72 (1.22–2.41) | 0.002 |  |  |
Enrollment in opioid agonist therapyb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 0.511 |  |  |
Hospitalizedb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.67 (1.22–2.27) | 0.001 |  |  |
Sex workb | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 (yes vs. no) | 1.08 (0.74–1.54) | 0.689 |  |  |
Stable employmentb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.190 |  |  |
History of childhood physical abuse | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.47 (1.09–1.99) | 0.012 |  |  |
History of childhood sexual abuse | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) | 0.004 | 1.30 (0.99–1.70) | 0.060 |
Victim of violenceb | ||||
 (yes vs. no) | 1.55 (1.16–2.07) | 0.003 | 1.38 (1.01–1.86) | 0.039 |