Table 2 Factors independently associated with willingness to receive intravenous buprenorphine treatment in the study sample; univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses with OR estimates based on logistic regression analyses (n = 353 participants)
Univariate analysis | Multiple logistic regression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No willingness | Willingnessab | |||||||
N (%) | N (%) | OR | [95CI%] | p-value | AOR | [95CI%] | p-value | |
Questionnaire | ||||||||
Questionnaire online | 5 (8) | 82 (28) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Questionnaire face-to-face | 54 (92) | 212 (72) | 0.24 | [0.09; 0.62] | 0.003 | 0.16 | [0.06; 0.44] | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 46 (78) | 233 (80) | 1 | |||||
Female | 13 (22) | 58 (20) | 0.88 | [0.45; 1.74] | 0.714 | |||
Age – yearsc | ||||||||
Median [IQR] | 33.5 [30–42] | 33 [28–40] | 0.99 | [0.96; 1.02] | 0.624 | |||
Stable housing | ||||||||
No | 23 (40) | 122 (42) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 35 (60) | 171 (58) | 0.92 | [0.52; 1.64] | 0.779 | |||
Employment | ||||||||
No | 39 (67) | 202 (70) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 19 (33) | 86 (30) | 0.87 | [0.48; 1.60] | 0.662 | |||
Experience of incarceration | ||||||||
No | 31 (53) | 177 (61) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 27 (47) | 111 (39) | 0.72 | [0.41; 1.27] | 0.257 | |||
Opioid consumed mostd | ||||||||
Buprenorphine | 9 (15) | 198 (67) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Heroin | 14 (24) | 40 (14) | 0.13 | [0.05; 0.32] | < 0.001 | 0.11 | [0.04; 0.29] | < 0.001 |
Prescription Opiatese | 36 (61) | 56 (19) | 0.07 | [0.03; 0.16] | < 0.001 | 0.06 | [0.03; 0.14] | < 0.001 |
Duration of opioid usec | ||||||||
Median [IQR] | 7 [3–13] | 7 [3–10] | 0.99 | [0.95; 1.03] | 0.562 | |||
Main reason for injecting | ||||||||
To get “high” | 25 (58) | 46 (19) | 1 | |||||
To avoid withdrawal symptoms or to feel good enough for daily functioning | 13 (30) | 146 (61) | 6.10 | [2.89; 12.89] | < 0.001 | |||
Pleasure of the act | 5 (12) | 47 (20) | 5.11 | [1.80; 14.49] | 0.002 | |||
Other non-opioid drugs usedd | ||||||||
No | 10 (17) | 67 (23) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 49 (83) | 224 (77) | 0.68 | [0.33; 1.42] | 0.307 | |||
Alcohol consumptiond | ||||||||
No | 24 (41) | 176 (60) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 35 (59) | 118 (40) | 0.46 | [0.26; 0.81] | 0.007 | |||
Injection-related complications (0–10) | ||||||||
≤ 5 complications | 53 (90) | 244 (83) | 1 | 1 | ||||
> 5 complications | 6 (10) | 50 (17) | 1.81 | [0.74; 4.44] | 0.195 | 3.30 | [1.13; 9.61] | 0.029 |
History of overdose | ||||||||
No | 35 (59) | 236 (80) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 24 (41) | 58 (20) | 0.36 | [0.20; 0.65] | 0.001 | 0.28 | [0.14; 0.59] | 0.001 |
Currently on OMT | ||||||||
No | 19 (32) | 49 (17) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 40 (68) | 245 (83) | 2.38 | [1.27; 4.44] | 0.007 | |||
Self-reported HCV status | ||||||||
No | 35 (64) | 192 (70) | 1 | |||||
Yes | 20 (36) | 84 (30) | 0.77 | [0.42; 1.40] | 0.388 | |||