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Table 4 Years of opium consumption and quantity consumed per day against the different routes of administration

From: Lead poisoning among opium users in Iran: an emerging health hazard

Route of use

Duration of use (years) (mean ± SD)

Daily quantity of consumption (g/day) (mean ± SD)

Smoking (n = 21)

14.07 ± 9.18

1.16 ± 1.06

Oral route (n = 179)

15.13 ± 10.04

0.90 ± 0.57

Smoking + oral route (n = 49)

15.38 ± 8.83

0.93 ± 0.79

Test results

F = 0.1, p = 0.90

F = 0.53, p = 0.59

  1. The mean (+SD) years of consumption and the quantity consumed in grams per day (g/day) across for the different routes of administration (smoking; oral; and combination users)
  2. Degrees of freedom for time consuming and quantity consumed (dfb = 2, dfw = 246)
  3. a compared using one way ANOVA test