Barriers to accessing and using health insurance cards among methadone maintenance treatment patients in northern Vietnam

Table 4 Factors associated with use of and barriers to social health insurance among respondents

Characteristic	Having health insurance		Lack of information about HI		Difficulty accessing HI		Difficulty using HI		Difficulty paying for HI
Characteristic	AOR	95%CI	AOR	95%CI	AOR	95%CI	AOR	95%CI	AOR	95%CI
Gender (Female vs Male)			1.69**	0.02; 3.37	1.91**	0.43; 3.39	1.77**	0.33; 3.21	1.96***	0.52; 3.41
Age			−0.03***	−0.05; −0.01
Education (vs Illiterate)
Secondary			0.29*	−0.03; 0.61	0.32*	−0.04; 0.67
> Vocational	0.63*	−0.07; 1.32	−0.76**	−1.47; −0.05
Employment (vs Unemployed)
White collars	1.49**	0.12; 2.86
Workers/Farmers	0.79**	0.16; 1.43
Income quintile (vs Poorest)
Poor			0.35*	−0.05; 0.75					0.54**	0.12; 0.97
Rich	0.56**	0.12; 1.01	−0.34*	−0.75; 0.06	−0.52**	−0.99; −0.04
Having problems with mobility (Yes vs No)			0.82***	0.22; 1.43	0.79**	0.18; 1.40
HIV status (vs Negative)
Positive			−0.75***	−1.29; −0.20
N/A									−1.33*	−2.78; 0.12
Catastrophic expenditure (Yes vs No)	0.56**	0.02; 1.10
Lack of Information about HI (Yes vs No)	−0.59**	−1.05; −0.13
Difficulty using HI (Yes vs No)	0.52**	0.02; 1.03
No. of drug rehabilitations	0.04***	0.01; 0.07	0.04***	0.01; 0.06	0.04***	0.01; 0.06
Duration of MMT (months)	0.02*	−0.00; 0.03

ISSN: 1747-597X