Variables | Male (n = 3324) | Female (n = 5482) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | OR (95% CI) | Number (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Age groups | ||||
 18–19 | 107 (12.9) | Reference | 242 (11.6) | Reference |
 20–21 | 291 (22.5) | 1.95 (1.53–2.49)*** | 409 (19.4) | 1.83 (1.54–2.17)*** |
 22 or older | 413 (34.3) | 3.52 (2.78–4.45)*** | 230 (17.8) | 1.64 (1.35–2.00)*** |
Living situation | ||||
 Not with parents/guardians | 412 (24.5) | Reference | 642 (19.7) | Reference |
 With parents/guardians | 296 (31.3) | 0.71 (0.60–0.85)*** | 229 (14.8) | 1.41 (1.20–1.67)*** |
Family economic status | ||||
 Not well off/poor | 502 (25.4) | Reference | 639 (18.3) | Reference |
 Wealthy/quite well off | 309 (23.0) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 242 (12.2) | 0.62 (0.53–0.73)*** |
Country category | ||||
 Upper-middle/high income | 358 (28.4) | Reference | 570 (24.7) | Reference |
 Lower-middle income | 453 (22.0) | 0.71 (0.60–0.83)*** | 311 (9.8) | 0.33 (0.29–0.39)*** |
Level of involvement in organized religious activity | ||||
 Low | 258 (30.9) | Reference | 146 (16.7) | Reference |
 Medium | 317 (34.2) | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 600 (24.1) | 1.58 (1.30–1.93)*** |
 High | 130 (15.2) | 0.40 (0.32–0.51)*** | 122 (8.5) | 0.47 (0.36–0.60)*** |
Level of involvement in non-organized religious activity | ||||
 Low | 489 (33.3) | Reference | 465 (22.9) | Reference |
 Medium | 127 (29.1) | 0.82 (0.65–1.04) | 285 (24.7) | 1.11 (0.93–1.31) |
 High | 89 (12.4) | 0.28 (0.22–0.36)*** | 116 (7.2) | 0.26 (0.21–0.32)*** |
Health knowledge and beliefs | ||||
 Knowledge of alcohol-heart disease relationship | 327 (22.8) | 0.63 (0.53–0.74)*** | 375 (14.9) | 0.62 (0.54–0.72)*** |
 Knowledge of alcohol-high blood pressure relationship | 407 (26.1) | 0.88 (0.73–1.04) | 555 (19.5) | 1.24 (1.06–1.44)** |
 Weak beliefs in importance of limiting alcohol use | 7.4 (2.7) | 0.85 (0.82–0.87)*** | 7.8 (2.5) | 0.82 (0.80–0.85)*** |
 Subjective health status (range 1–5) | 2.9 (1.0) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95)** | 3.1 (0.9) | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) |
Level of life satisfaction | ||||
 Low | 421 (37.3) | Reference | 526 (24.1) | Reference |
 Medium | 236 (20.2) | 0.43 (0.35–0.51)*** | 238 (12.1) | 0.44 (0.37–0.52)*** |
 High | 50 (14.9) | 0.30 (0.21–0.41)*** | 105 (16.1) | 0.60 (0.48–0.76)*** |
Current tobacco use | 118 (51.1) | 3.65 (2.78–4.79)*** | 62 (47.7) | 5.21 (3.67–7.42)*** |
Past year illicit drug use | 189 (42.2) | 3.19 (2.58–3.95)*** | 206 (23.1) | 2.37 (1.97–2.86)*** |
Depressive symptoms | 91 (28.5) | 1.14 (1.08–1.68)* | 105 (19.8) | 1.76 (1.34–2.33)*** |
Physical activity | ||||
 Low | 313 (22.6) | Reference | 461 (15.6) | Reference |
 Medium | 241 (20.9) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 254 (14.4) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) |
 High | 247 (32.5) | 1.65 (1.35–2.01)*** | 147 (21.5) | 1.49 (1.21–1.83)*** |