Advertisement
Table 2 Pain prevalence and association with use of nonmedical prescription opioid use in the past 24 h among people who inject drugs in San Francisco (N = 702). Bivariate logistic regression analysis
| Pain characteristics | Median (IQR) | Past 24 h NMPOU n (%) | Total sample n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain past 24 ha | NA | 53 (51.5%) | 335 (47.7%) | 1.19 (0.78–1.81) |
| Pain duration in monthsc | 36 (6–141) | |||
| No pain (0) | 50 (48.5%) | 370 (52.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Duration median or less (1–36) | 27 (26.2%) | 172 (24.5%) | 1.19 (0.72–1.98) | |
| Duration above median (37–776) | 26 (25.2%) | 160 (22.8%) | 1.24 (0.74–2.08) | |
| Pain single worst location (mutually exclusive) | NA | |||
| No pain (0) | 50 (49.0%) | 367 (52.3%) | 1.00 | |
| Head (1) | 4 (3.9%) | 17 (2.4%) | 1.95 (0.61–6.22) | |
| Neck/shoulder/back (2) | 22 (21.6%) | 122 (17.4%) | 1.40 (0.81–2.42) | |
| Extremities (3) | 18 (17.6%) | 158 (22.5%) | 0.82 (0.46–1.45) | |
| Abdomen/genitals (4) | 8 (7.8%) | 34 (4.8%) | 1.95 (0.84–4.55) | |
| Missing values (multiple answers) | 4 (0.6%) | |||
| Pain location (not mutually exclusive) | NA | |||
| Head | 10 (9.7%) | 31 (4.4%) | NA4 | |
| Neck/shoulders | 10 (9.7%) | 77 (11.0%) | NA4 | |
| Back | 27 (26.2%) | 138 (19.7%) | NA4 | |
| Upper limbs | 8 (7.8%) | 67 (9.5%) | NA4 | |
| Lower limbs | 28 (27.2%) | 190 (27.1%) | NA4 | |
| Abdomen/genitals | 10 (9.7%) | 51 (7.3%) | NA4 | |
| Average pain past 24 hc | 6 (5–7) | |||
| No pain (0) | 51 (49.5%) | 375 (53.4%) | 1.00 | |
| Pain median or less (1–6) | 24 (23.3%) | 201 (28.6%) | 0.86 (0.51–1.45) | |
| Pain above median (7–10) | 28 (27.2%) | 126 (17.9%) | 1.82 (1.09–3.03)* | |
| Pain interference with general activity past 24 hc | 7 (5–9) | |||
| No interference (0) | 55 (53.4%) | 412 (58.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–7) | 21 (20.4%) | 165 (23.5%) | 0.95 (0.55–1.62) | |
| Interference above median (8–10) | 27 (26.2%) | 125 (17.8%) | 1.79 (1.07–2.99)* | |
| Pain interference with mood past 24 hb | 7 (5–9) | |||
| No interference (0) | 54 (52.4%) | 415 (59.1%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–7) | 26 (25.2%) | 166 (23.6%) | 1.24 (0.75–2.06) | |
| Interference above median (8–10) | 23 (22.3%) | 121 (17.2%) | 1.57 (0.92–2.68) | |
| Pain interference with walking ability past 24 hb | 8 (5–9) | |||
| No interference (0) | 55 (53.4%) | 422 (60.1%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–8) | 25 (24.3%) | 188 (26.8%) | 1.02 (0.62–1.70) | |
| Interference above median (9–10) | 23 (22.3%) | 92 (13.1%) | 2.22 (1.28–3.86)** | |
| Pain interference with physical ability past 24 hb | 7 (5–9) | |||
| No interference (0) | 54 (52.4%) | 404 (57.5%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–7) | 19 (18.4%) | 161 (22.9%) | 0.87 (0.50–1.52) | |
| Interference above median (8–10) | 30 (29.1%) | 137 (19.5%) | 1.82 (1.11–2.98)* | |
| Pain interference with relationships past 24 hc | 6 (3–8) | |||
| No interference (0) | 60 (58.3%) | 465 (66.2%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–6) | 21 (20.4%) | 122 (17.4%) | 1.40 (0.82–2.42) | |
| Interference above median (7–10) | 22 (21.4%) | 115 (16.4%) | 1.60 (0.93–2.74) | |
| Pain interference with sleep past 24 hb | 7 (5–10) | |||
| No interference (0) | 56 (54.4%) | 425 (60.5%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–7) | 19 (18.4%) | 148 (21.1%) | 0.97 (0.56–1.70) | |
| Interference above median (8–10) | 28 (27.2%) | 129 (18.4%) | 1.83 (1.10–3.03)* | |
| Pain interference with enjoyment of life past 24 hc | 7 (5–9) | |||
| No interference (0) | 54 (52.4%) | 412 (58.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Interference median or less (1–7) | 23 (22.3%) | 163 (23.2%) | 1.09 (0.64–1.84) | |
| Interference above median (8–10) | 26 (25.2%) | 127 (18.1%) | 1.71 (1.02–2.86)* |
