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Table 1 Participants’ Characteristics

From: Korean national athletes’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes of doping: a cross-sectional study

 

N (%)

Gender N (%)

Age (years)

Career (years)

PEAS

Male

Female

Adolescent athletes

205 (45.2)

116 (38.7)

89 (57.8)

16.75 ± 1.45

6.82 ± 2.61

37.66 ± 11.20

Adult athletes

249 (54.8)

184 (61.3)

65 (42.2)

24.05 ± 3.53***

12.65 ± 3.89***

40.22 ± 13.95*

Total athletes

454 (100)

300 (100)

154 (100)

20.76 ± 4.59

10.02 ± 4.45

39.07 ± 12.83

  1. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation or frequencies and percentages
  2. PEAS Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale
  3. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001: tested by the independent t-test between adolescent and adult athletes
  4. Statistics were shown as follows: t 411.441 = 3.888, p < 0.001 in the Age variable; t 435.450 = −18.337, p < 0.001 in the Career variable; and t 451.735 = −2.170, p = 0.03 in the PEAS variable