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Table 5 PN substances use leading to addiction

From: Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: teachers’ knowledge and attitudes–Results from a survey study among teachers in Germany

No substance

1.2 % (n = 2)

Ginkgo biloba

4.8 % (n = 8)

Energy drinks

19.6 % (n = 33)

Caffeine tablets

33.3 % (n = 56)

MPH

51.8 % (n = 87)

AMPH

42.9 % (n = 72)

Atomoxetin

32.1 % (n = 54)

Modafinil

30.4 % (n = 51)

Antidementia drugs

33.3 % (n = 56)

Illicit AMPH

86.9 % (n = 146)

Ecstasy/ MDMA

88.7 % (n = 149)

Cocaine

95.8 % (n = 161)

Ephedrin

74.4 % (n = 125)

Cannabis

82.7 % (n = 139)

  1. 65.9 % (n = 168) answered that question
  2. AMPH amphetamines, MPH Methylphenidate, PN pharmacological neuroenhancement
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