Factors associated with inability to access addiction treatment among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada

Prangnell, Amy; Daly-Grafstein, Ben; Dong, Huiru; Nolan, Seonaid; Milloy, M-J; Wood, Evan; Kerr, Thomas; Hayashi, Kanna

doi:10.1186/s13011-016-0053-6

Table 1 Baseline sample characteristics, stratified by reporting inability to access addiction treatment in the past six months among PWID in Vancouver, Canada (n = 1142)

From: Factors associated with inability to access addiction treatment among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada

Characteristic	Inability to access addiction treatment^a		Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p - value
Characteristic	Yes n (%) 68 (6.0)	No n (%) 1074 (94.0)	Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p - value
Age (median, IQR)	39 (32–44)	42 (35–48)		0.008
Female gender	24 (35.3)	340 (31.7)	1.18 (0.70–1.97)	0.533
Caucasian	40 (58.8)	604 (56.2)	1.11 (0.68–1.83)	0.677
Homelessness^a	45 (66.2)	392 (36.5)	3.73 (2.19–6.35)	<0.001
Daily injection cocaine use^a	11 (16.2)	101 (9.4)	1.85 (0.94–3.64)	0.071
Daily injection heroin use^a	32 (47.1)	361 (33.6)	1.75 (1.07–2.86)	0.025
Daily injection meth use^a	1 (1.5)	56 (5.2)	0.27 (0.04–1.98)	0.200
Daily injection prescription opioid use^a	27 (39.7)	310 (28.9)	1.62 (0.98–2.67)	0.059
Daily crack smoking^a	29 (42.7)	422 (39.3)	1.15 (0.70–1.89)	0.583
Daily alcohol use^a	6 (8.8)	87 (8.1)	1.11 (0.47–2.65)	0.806
Years since first injection drug use (median, IQR)	17 (11–22)	19 (11–28)		0.084
Drug or alcohol treatment Ever	59 (86.8)	804 (74.9)	2.20 (1.08–4.50)	0.027
Employment^a	21 (30.9)	258 (24.0)	1.41 (0.83–2.41)	0.202
Drug dealing^a	36 (52.9)	335 (31.2)	2.48 (1.51–4.06)	<0.001
Sex work^a	7 (10.3)	150 (14.0)	0.72 (0.32–1.60)	0.413
High school degree	40 (58.8)	500 (46.6)	1.64 (0.99–2.72)	0.051
Overdose^a	6 (8.8)	66 (6.2)	1.48 (0.62–3.54)	0.372
Binge drug use^a,b	35 (51.5)	400 (37.2)	1.77 (1.08–2.90)	0.021
A victim of violence^a	26 (38.2)	230 (21.4)	2.25 (1.35–3.74)	0.002
HCV positive	58 (85.3)	941 (87.6)	0.78 (0.39–1.57)	0.490
HIV+ and not on ART^a	10 (14.7)	164 (15.3)	0.88 (0.44–1.77)	0.720
HIV+ and on ART^a	9 (13.2)	203 (18.9)	0.64 (0.31–1.32)	0.225
Incarceration^a	20 (29.4)	187 (17.4)	1.97 (1.14–3.39)	0.013

Note: The p-value for variable age was obtained from Mann-Whitney test; exact mid p-values for daily injection meth use and overdose were obtained from Fisher’s exact test; and for other binary variables p-values were obtained from Chi-square test with degree of freedom = 1
PWID people who inject drugs, CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range
^aDenotes activities in the previous six months
^bRefers to any route of consumption (i.e., sniffing, snorting, smoking or injecting)

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