Table 1 Baseline characteristics and Cox regression analysis for factors associated with injection initiation among street-involved youth (n = 462)
Characteristic | Baseline Characteristics | Bivariable and Multivariable Cox Regression Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Injection Initiation | Unadjusted HRa | p-value | Adjusted HR (95 % CI) | p-valuef | ||
Yes (n = 97) n (%) | No (n = 365) n (%) | (95 % CI)b | ||||
Unable to access addiction treatment d,e | ||||||
Yes | 15 (15.5) | 33 (9.0) | 2.19 (1.27–3.78) | 0.005 | 2.02 (1.12–3.62) | 0.019 |
No | 80 (82.5) | 324 (88.8) | ||||
Years since initiated hard drug use (HR per additional year) | ||||||
Median | 5.4 | 5.4 | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.893 | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | 0.714 |
IQR | (3.7–7.8) | (3.1–7.9) | ||||
Caucasian Ethnicity | ||||||
Yes | 68 (70.1) | 219 (60.0) | 1.50 (0.97–2.31) | 0.069 | 1.40 (0.88–2.21) | 0.152 |
No | 29 (29.9) | 146 (40.0) | ||||
Female Gender | ||||||
Yes | 28 (28.9) | 114 (31.2) | 0.96 (0.62–1.50) | 0.872 | 1.06 (0.68–1.65) | 0.805 |
No | 69 (71.1) | 251 (68.8) | ||||
Heroin Usec,d,e | ||||||
Yes | 24 (24.7) | 52 (14.2) | 2.12 (1.34–3.36) | 0.001 | 1.48 (0.86–2.55) | 0.157 |
No | 70 (72.2) | 307 (84.1) | ||||
Cocaine Usec,d,e | ||||||
Yes | 43 (44.3) | 186 (51.0) | 1.17 (0.77–1.78) | 0.449 | 1.06 (0.69–1.64) | 0.782 |
No | 52 (53.6) | 176 (48.2) | ||||
Crack Smokingd,e | ||||||
Yes | 68 (70.1) | 190 (52.1) | 1.71 (1.11–2.63) | 0.015 | 1.23 (0.76–1.97) | 0.402 |
No | 27 (27.8) | 171 (46.8) | ||||
Crystal Meth Usec,d,e | ||||||
Yes | 51 (52.6) | 122 (33.4) | 2.31 (1.53–3.47) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.32–3.04) | 0.001 |
No | 43 (44.3) | 238 (65.2) | ||||