Table 5 GEE analysis estimating post-treatment effect on total social assistance payments (n = 631)

 Post-treatment period (vs. pre-treatment)

1.15 (1.08, 1.22)

<0.001

1.16 (1.08, 1.25)

<0.001

 Age at enrolment (per year)

1.03 (1.02, 1.04)

<0.001

1.03 (1.02, 1.04)

<0.001

 Women

1.06 (0.94, 1.20)

0.341

1.17 (1.02, 1.35)

0.022

 White

1.21 (1.00, 1.46)

0.050

1.00 (0.81, 1.23)

0.995

 Aboriginal

1.17 (0.96, 1.44)

0.125

1.14 (0.91, 1.42)

0.264

 Other

Reference

Reference

 Grade 9 or less

0.90 (0.73, 1.12)

0.342

0.89 (0.70, 1.13)

0.353

 Grade 10/11

0.88 (0.74, 1.05)

0.154

0.86 (0.70, 1.06)

0.153

 Grade 12

0.86 (0.72, 1.03)

0.093

0.80 (0.65, 0.99)

0.035

 Vocational /University

Reference

Reference

 Graduated (vs. didn’t graduate)

1.20 (1.06, 1.35)

0.003

1.14 (1.00, 1.30)

0.055

 Before 2005

Reference

Reference

 Between 2005 and 2007

1.17 (1.01, 1.35)

0.038

1.08 (0.94, 1.24)

0.301

 After 2007

1.48 (1.30, 1.68)

<0.001

1.37 (1.19, 1.57)

<0.001

 Multiple admissions (vs. single)

0.91 (0.79, 1.04)

0.163

1.14 (0.97, 1.35)

0.105

 No mental disorder

Reference

Reference

 NSMD only

1.41 (1.13, 1.75)

0.002

1.24 (0.98, 1.57)

0.075

 SUD only

1.51 (1.26, 1.80)

<0.001

1.42 (1.20, 1.69)

<0.001

 Both NSMD & SUD

1.80 (1.54, 2.12)

<0.001

1.72 (1.47, 2.01)

<0.001

 # of sentences in last 2 years (per sentence)

0.97 (0.96, 0.98)

<0.001

0.98 (0.96, 0.99)

0.005