Table 4 GEE analysis estimating post-treatment effect on acute hospital admissions (n = 631)

 Post-treatment period (vs. pre-treatment)

1.01 (0.79, 1.29)

0.931

1.05 (0.82, 1.35)

0.712

 Age at enrolment (per year)

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.704

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.261

 Women

2.04 (1.43, 2.90)

<0.001

1.76 (1.23, 2.51)

0.002

 White

0.99 (0.59, 1.65)

0.978

0.74 (0.44, 1.24)

0.251

 Aboriginal

1.55 (0.91, 2.64)

0.106

1.10 (0.64, 1.89)

0.725

 Other

Reference

Reference

 Grade 9 or less

1.99 (1.06, 3.73)

0.033

1.39 (0.72, 2.68)

0.324

 Grade 10/11

1.28 (0.71, 2.29)

0.411

0.97 (0.53, 1.77)

0.929

 Grade 12

1.27 (0.66, 2.44)

0.468

1.05 (0.55, 2.00)

0.893

Vocational /University

Reference

Reference

 Graduated (vs. didn’t graduate)

0.52 (0.32, 0.87)

0.012

0.55 (0.32, 0.93)

0.025

 Before 2005

Reference

Reference

 Between 2005 and 2007

1.19 (0.76, 1.86)

0.452

1.40 (0.93, 2.10)

0.107

 After 2007

1.21 (0.76, 1.94)

0.424

1.41 (0.88, 2.27)

0.152

 Multiple admissions (vs. single)

1.15 (0.78, 1.69)

0.484

1.35 (0.89, 2.03)

0.155

 No mental disorder

Reference

Reference

 NSMD only

1.21 (0.64, 2.27)

0.564

1.02 (0.55, 1.88)

0.962

 SUD only

1.79 (1.08, 2.97)

0.023

1.39 (0.84, 2.29)

0.201

 Both NSMD & SUD

2.88 (1.82, 4.56)

<0.001

2.71 (1.70, 4.34)

<0.001

 # of sentences in last 2 years (per sentence)

0.98 (0.92, 1.04)

0.442

0.98 (0.92, 1.05)

0.561