| |
Full sample
|
Tested for HIV
|
Received HIV test results
|
|---|
| |
N = 139,516
|
n = 89,383
|
n = 76,392
|
|---|
| |
M (SD) or %
|
M (SD) or %
|
M Diffa
|
p
b
|
M (SD) or %
|
M Diffc
|
p
b
|
|---|
|
Predisposing factors
| | | | | | | |
|
Age
|
36.13 (12.51)
|
36.81 (11.51)
|
2.18
|
< .001
|
36.78 (11.46)
|
1.73
|
< .001
|
|
Days incarcerated
|
1.99 (6.61)
|
2.28 (7.07)
|
0.71
|
< .001
|
2.29 (7.09)
|
0.55
|
< .001
|
|
Recovery support
|
3.73 (8.24)
|
4.78 (9.13)
|
2.76
|
< .001
|
4.99 (9.31)
|
2.70
|
< .001
|
|
Gender
| | | | | | | |
|
Female
|
0.35
|
0.39
| |
< .001
|
0.39
| |
< .001
|
|
Male
|
0.64
|
0.61
| | |
0.61
| | |
|
Race
| | | | | | | |
|
White
|
0.34
|
0.36
| |
< .001
|
0.36
| |
< .001
|
|
Black
|
0.23
|
0.23
| |
.047
|
0.23
| |
< .001
|
|
Latino
|
0.38
|
0.37
| |
< .001
|
0.36
| |
< .001
|
|
Asian
|
0.05
|
0.05
| |
< .001
|
0.05
| |
< .001
|
|
Education
| | | | | | | |
|
Less than high school
|
0.08
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
|
High school
|
0.75
|
0.74
| |
< .001
|
0.74
| |
< .001
|
|
College or higher
|
0.17
|
0.20
| |
< .001
|
0.20
| |
< .001
|
|
Homeless
|
0.24
|
0.29
| |
< .001
|
0.28
| |
< .001
|
|
Referral
| | | | | | | |
|
Self
|
0.39
|
0.39
| |
.072
|
0.39
| |
.001
|
|
Community
|
0.13
|
0.11
| |
< .001
|
0.11
| |
< .001
|
|
Proposition 36
|
0.21
|
0.21
| |
< .001
|
0.22
| |
< .001
|
|
Drug court
|
0.08
|
0.08
| |
< .001
|
0.09
| |
< .001
|
|
Social services
|
0.19
|
0.20
| |
< .001
|
0.20
| |
< .001
|
|
Enabling factors
| | | | | | | |
|
Days on waiting list
|
3.07 (9.26)
|
3.42 (8.95)
|
0.75
|
< .001
|
3.21 (8.58)
|
0.11
|
.043
|
|
Prior treatment episodes
|
1.66 (3.58)
|
1.95 (3.70)
|
0.84
|
< .001
|
1.97 (3.62)
|
0.73
|
< .001
|
|
Outpatient medical visits
|
0.15 (1.58)
|
0.18 (1.74)
|
0.07
|
< .001
|
0.17 (1.66)
|
0.04
|
< .001
|
|
Outpatient psychiatric visits
|
0.22 (2.00)
|
0.24 (2.05)
|
0.04
|
< .001
|
0.24 (2.03)
|
0.02
|
.092
|
|
Treatment type
| | | | | | | |
|
Outpatient
|
0.49
|
0.42
| |
< .001
|
0.43
| |
< .001
|
|
Methadone
|
0.04
|
0.02
| |
< .001
|
0.03
| |
< .001
|
|
Residential
|
0.46
|
0.55
| |
< .001
|
0.54
| |
< .001
|
|
Employed at admission
|
0.12
|
0.12
| |
.212
|
0.12
| |
< .001
|
|
Medication
| | | | | | | |
|
None
|
0.81
|
0.79
| |
< .001
|
0.80
| |
< .001
|
|
Methadone/LAAM
|
0.06
|
0.05
| |
< .001
|
0.06
| |
.429
|
|
Buprenorphine
|
0.64
|
0.01
| |
.927
|
0.01
| |
.179
|
|
Other
|
0.11
|
0.15
| |
< .001
|
0.13
| |
< .001
|
|
Need factors
| | | | | | | |
|
Days of primary drug use
|
11.19 (12.49)
|
11.65 (12.65)
|
1.18
|
< .001
|
11.30 (12.52)
|
0.41
|
< .001
|
|
Days of injection drug use
|
3.35 (9.11)
|
3.65 (9.37)
|
1.28
|
< .001
|
3.39 (9.05)
|
0.48
|
< .001
|
|
Primary drug
| | | | | | | |
|
Heroin
|
0.17
|
0.19
| |
< .001
|
0.18
| |
< .001
|
|
Alcohol
|
0.22
|
0.21
| |
< .001
|
0.21
| |
< .001
|
|
Methamphetamine
|
0.25
|
0.27
| |
< .001
|
0.28
| |
< .001
|
|
Cocaine or crack
|
0.16
|
0.17
| |
< .001
|
0.18
| |
< .001
|
|
Marijuana or hashish
|
0.14
|
0.10
| |
< .001
|
0.10
| |
< .001
|
|
Other
|
0.05
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
|
Method of drug use
| | | | | | | |
|
Oral
|
0.27
|
0.26
| |
< .001
|
0.26
| |
< .001
|
|
Smoking
|
0.51
|
0.50
| |
< .001
|
0.51
| |
< .001
|
|
Inhalation
|
0.06
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
|
Injection
|
0.16
|
0.18
| |
< .001
|
0.17
| |
< .001
|
|
Other
|
0.07
|
0.01
| |
.058
|
0.01
| |
.781
|
|
HCV diagnosis
| | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
0.06
|
0.09
| |
< .001
|
0.08
| |
< .001
|
|
No
|
0.94
|
0.91
| | |
0.92
| | |
|
STD diagnosis
| | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
0.04
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
0.06
| |
< .001
|
|
No
|
0.96
|
0.94
| | |
0.94
| | |
|
History of mental illness
| | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
0.24
|
0.27
| |
< .001
|
0.28
| |
< .001
|
|
No
|
0.76
|
0.73
| | |
0.72
| | |
-
HCV hepatitis C virus, LAAM levo-α-acetylmethadol, STD sexually transmitted disease
-
aMean difference between clients tested for HIV and clients not tested for HIV
-
bChi-square test for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables
-
cMean difference between clients who received HIV test results and clients who did not receive HIV test results
