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Table 1 Factors associated with HIV testing and receipt of test results among clients in addiction health services

From: Correlates of HIV testing and receipt of test results in addiction health services in Los Angeles County

 

Full sample

Tested for HIV

Received HIV test results

 

N = 139,516

n = 89,383

n = 76,392

 

M (SD) or %

M (SD) or %

M Diffa

p b

M (SD) or %

M Diffc

p b

Predisposing factors

       

Age

36.13 (12.51)

36.81 (11.51)

2.18

< .001

36.78 (11.46)

1.73

< .001

Days incarcerated

1.99 (6.61)

2.28 (7.07)

0.71

< .001

2.29 (7.09)

0.55

< .001

Recovery support

3.73 (8.24)

4.78 (9.13)

2.76

< .001

4.99 (9.31)

2.70

< .001

Gender

       

 Female

0.35

0.39

 

< .001

0.39

 

< .001

 Male

0.64

0.61

  

0.61

  

Race

       

 White

0.34

0.36

 

< .001

0.36

 

< .001

 Black

0.23

0.23

 

.047

0.23

 

< .001

 Latino

0.38

0.37

 

< .001

0.36

 

< .001

 Asian

0.05

0.05

 

< .001

0.05

 

< .001

Education

       

 Less than high school

0.08

0.06

 

< .001

0.06

 

< .001

 High school

0.75

0.74

 

< .001

0.74

 

< .001

 College or higher

0.17

0.20

 

< .001

0.20

 

< .001

Homeless

0.24

0.29

 

< .001

0.28

 

< .001

Referral

       

 Self

0.39

0.39

 

.072

0.39

 

.001

 Community

0.13

0.11

 

< .001

0.11

 

< .001

 Proposition 36

0.21

0.21

 

< .001

0.22

 

< .001

 Drug court

0.08

0.08

 

< .001

0.09

 

< .001

 Social services

0.19

0.20

 

< .001

0.20

 

< .001

Enabling factors

       

Days on waiting list

3.07 (9.26)

3.42 (8.95)

0.75

< .001

3.21 (8.58)

0.11

.043

Prior treatment episodes

1.66 (3.58)

1.95 (3.70)

0.84

< .001

1.97 (3.62)

0.73

< .001

Outpatient medical visits

0.15 (1.58)

0.18 (1.74)

0.07

< .001

0.17 (1.66)

0.04

< .001

Outpatient psychiatric visits

0.22 (2.00)

0.24 (2.05)

0.04

< .001

0.24 (2.03)

0.02

.092

Treatment type

       

 Outpatient

0.49

0.42

 

< .001

0.43

 

< .001

 Methadone

0.04

0.02

 

< .001

0.03

 

< .001

 Residential

0.46

0.55

 

< .001

0.54

 

< .001

Employed at admission

0.12

0.12

 

.212

0.12

 

< .001

Medication

       

 None

0.81

0.79

 

< .001

0.80

 

< .001

 Methadone/LAAM

0.06

0.05

 

< .001

0.06

 

.429

 Buprenorphine

0.64

0.01

 

.927

0.01

 

.179

 Other

0.11

0.15

 

< .001

0.13

 

< .001

Need factors

       

Days of primary drug use

11.19 (12.49)

11.65 (12.65)

1.18

< .001

11.30 (12.52)

0.41

< .001

Days of injection drug use

3.35 (9.11)

3.65 (9.37)

1.28

< .001

3.39 (9.05)

0.48

< .001

Primary drug

       

 Heroin

0.17

0.19

 

< .001

0.18

 

< .001

 Alcohol

0.22

0.21

 

< .001

0.21

 

< .001

 Methamphetamine

0.25

0.27

 

< .001

0.28

 

< .001

 Cocaine or crack

0.16

0.17

 

< .001

0.18

 

< .001

 Marijuana or hashish

0.14

0.10

 

< .001

0.10

 

< .001

 Other

0.05

0.06

 

< .001

0.06

 

< .001

Method of drug use

       

 Oral

0.27

0.26

 

< .001

0.26

 

< .001

 Smoking

0.51

0.50

 

< .001

0.51

 

< .001

 Inhalation

0.06

0.06

 

< .001

0.06

 

< .001

 Injection

0.16

0.18

 

< .001

0.17

 

< .001

 Other

0.07

0.01

 

.058

0.01

 

.781

HCV diagnosis

       

 Yes

0.06

0.09

 

< .001

0.08

 

< .001

 No

0.94

0.91

  

0.92

  

STD diagnosis

       

 Yes

0.04

0.06

 

< .001

0.06

 

< .001

 No

0.96

0.94

  

0.94

  

History of mental illness

       

 Yes

0.24

0.27

 

< .001

0.28

 

< .001

 No

0.76

0.73

  

0.72

  
  1. HCV hepatitis C virus, LAAM levo-α-acetylmethadol, STD sexually transmitted disease
  2. aMean difference between clients tested for HIV and clients not tested for HIV
  3. bChi-square test for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables
  4. cMean difference between clients who received HIV test results and clients who did not receive HIV test results
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