| Full sample | Tested for HIV | Received HIV test results | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | N = 139,516 | n = 89,383 | n = 76,392 | ||||
 | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M Diffa | p b | M (SD) or % | M Diffc | p b |
Predisposing factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | 36.13 (12.51) | 36.81 (11.51) | 2.18 | < .001 | 36.78 (11.46) | 1.73 | < .001 |
Days incarcerated | 1.99 (6.61) | 2.28 (7.07) | 0.71 | < .001 | 2.29 (7.09) | 0.55 | < .001 |
Recovery support | 3.73 (8.24) | 4.78 (9.13) | 2.76 | < .001 | 4.99 (9.31) | 2.70 | < .001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female | 0.35 | 0.39 |  | < .001 | 0.39 |  | < .001 |
 Male | 0.64 | 0.61 |  |  | 0.61 |  |  |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 White | 0.34 | 0.36 |  | < .001 | 0.36 |  | < .001 |
 Black | 0.23 | 0.23 |  | .047 | 0.23 |  | < .001 |
 Latino | 0.38 | 0.37 |  | < .001 | 0.36 |  | < .001 |
 Asian | 0.05 | 0.05 |  | < .001 | 0.05 |  | < .001 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Less than high school | 0.08 | 0.06 |  | < .001 | 0.06 |  | < .001 |
 High school | 0.75 | 0.74 |  | < .001 | 0.74 |  | < .001 |
 College or higher | 0.17 | 0.20 |  | < .001 | 0.20 |  | < .001 |
Homeless | 0.24 | 0.29 | Â | < .001 | 0.28 | Â | < .001 |
Referral | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Self | 0.39 | 0.39 |  | .072 | 0.39 |  | .001 |
 Community | 0.13 | 0.11 |  | < .001 | 0.11 |  | < .001 |
 Proposition 36 | 0.21 | 0.21 |  | < .001 | 0.22 |  | < .001 |
 Drug court | 0.08 | 0.08 |  | < .001 | 0.09 |  | < .001 |
 Social services | 0.19 | 0.20 |  | < .001 | 0.20 |  | < .001 |
Enabling factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Days on waiting list | 3.07 (9.26) | 3.42 (8.95) | 0.75 | < .001 | 3.21 (8.58) | 0.11 | .043 |
Prior treatment episodes | 1.66 (3.58) | 1.95 (3.70) | 0.84 | < .001 | 1.97 (3.62) | 0.73 | < .001 |
Outpatient medical visits | 0.15 (1.58) | 0.18 (1.74) | 0.07 | < .001 | 0.17 (1.66) | 0.04 | < .001 |
Outpatient psychiatric visits | 0.22 (2.00) | 0.24 (2.05) | 0.04 | < .001 | 0.24 (2.03) | 0.02 | .092 |
Treatment type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Outpatient | 0.49 | 0.42 |  | < .001 | 0.43 |  | < .001 |
 Methadone | 0.04 | 0.02 |  | < .001 | 0.03 |  | < .001 |
 Residential | 0.46 | 0.55 |  | < .001 | 0.54 |  | < .001 |
Employed at admission | 0.12 | 0.12 | Â | .212 | 0.12 | Â | < .001 |
Medication | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 0.81 | 0.79 |  | < .001 | 0.80 |  | < .001 |
 Methadone/LAAM | 0.06 | 0.05 |  | < .001 | 0.06 |  | .429 |
 Buprenorphine | 0.64 | 0.01 |  | .927 | 0.01 |  | .179 |
 Other | 0.11 | 0.15 |  | < .001 | 0.13 |  | < .001 |
Need factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Days of primary drug use | 11.19 (12.49) | 11.65 (12.65) | 1.18 | < .001 | 11.30 (12.52) | 0.41 | < .001 |
Days of injection drug use | 3.35 (9.11) | 3.65 (9.37) | 1.28 | < .001 | 3.39 (9.05) | 0.48 | < .001 |
Primary drug | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Heroin | 0.17 | 0.19 |  | < .001 | 0.18 |  | < .001 |
 Alcohol | 0.22 | 0.21 |  | < .001 | 0.21 |  | < .001 |
 Methamphetamine | 0.25 | 0.27 |  | < .001 | 0.28 |  | < .001 |
 Cocaine or crack | 0.16 | 0.17 |  | < .001 | 0.18 |  | < .001 |
 Marijuana or hashish | 0.14 | 0.10 |  | < .001 | 0.10 |  | < .001 |
 Other | 0.05 | 0.06 |  | < .001 | 0.06 |  | < .001 |
Method of drug use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Oral | 0.27 | 0.26 |  | < .001 | 0.26 |  | < .001 |
 Smoking | 0.51 | 0.50 |  | < .001 | 0.51 |  | < .001 |
 Inhalation | 0.06 | 0.06 |  | < .001 | 0.06 |  | < .001 |
 Injection | 0.16 | 0.18 |  | < .001 | 0.17 |  | < .001 |
 Other | 0.07 | 0.01 |  | .058 | 0.01 |  | .781 |
HCV diagnosis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 0.06 | 0.09 |  | < .001 | 0.08 |  | < .001 |
 No | 0.94 | 0.91 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  |
STD diagnosis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 0.04 | 0.06 |  | < .001 | 0.06 |  | < .001 |
 No | 0.96 | 0.94 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  |
History of mental illness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 0.24 | 0.27 |  | < .001 | 0.28 |  | < .001 |
 No | 0.76 | 0.73 |  |  | 0.72 |  |  |