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Table 1 Public and private treatment clients’ demographics, substance use characteristics, HIV risk behaviors and testing availability

From: Nonmedical prescription drug users in private vs. public substance abuse treatment: a cross sectional comparison of demographic and HIV risk behavior profiles

 

Private (n = 249)

Public (n = 246)

Wald

OR (95% CI)

p-value

n(%)

n(%)

Demographics

     
 

Age (under 30 yrs)

162 (65.1)

109 (44.3)

21.18

0.43 (0.30, 0.61)

<0.01

 

Female gender

97 (38.9)

104 (42.3)

0.57

1.15 (0.80,1.64)

0.45

 

Has medical insurancea

175 (70.6)

76 (31.3)

71.60

0.19 (0.13, 0.28)

<0.01

 

Graduated high school

165 (66.3)

114 (46.3)

19.68

0.44 (0.31, 0.63)

<0.01

 

Income $1000 or less in the last montha

73 (30.5)

126 (53.8)

25.79

2.65 (1.82, 3.87)

<0.01

 

Lifetime arrests, mean (sd)

4.01 (7.35)

9.00 (11.29)

27.83

1.09(1.05, 1.12)

<0.01

Race/Ethnicity

    

<0.01

 

Non-hispanic white

207 (83.1)

90 (36.6)

99.68

0.12 (0.08, 0.18)

<0.01

 

Non-hispanic black/ African-American

10 (4.0)

42 (17.1)

19.11

4.92 (2.41, 10.05)

<0.01

 

Hispanic/Latino

18 (7.2)

101 (41.1)

62.57

8.94 (5.19, 15.38)

<0.01

 

Other ethnicity

14 (5.6)

13 (5.3)

0.03

0.94 (0.43, 2.04)

0.87

Primary drug class

     
 

Opioids

199 (79.9)

131 (53.3)

37.85

0.29 (0.19, 0.43)

<0.01

 

Benzodiazepines

50 (20.1)

115 (46.7)

37.85

3.49 (2.35, 5.21)

<0.01

Other substances used

     
 

Crack cocaine

84 (33.7)

127 (51.6)

16.00

2.10 (1.46, 3.01)

<0.01

 

Powder cocaine

135 (54.2)

153 (62.2)

3.23

1.39 (0.97, 1.99)

0.07

 

Heroin

82 (32.9)

41 (16.7)

17.00

0.41 (0.27, 0.62)

<0.01

Routes of administration (90 days before treatment)

     
 

Injected pillsb

88 (35.3)

42 (18.8)

15.65

0.43 (0.28, 0.65)

<0.01

 

Smoked pillsb

73 (29.3)

42 (18.8)

6.93

0.56 (0.36, 0.86)

0.01

 

Snorted pillsb

175 (70.3)

112 (50.2)

19.52

0.43 (0.29, 0.62)

<0.01

Needle risk (past year)

     
 

Injected a drug

107 (42.9)

56 (22.8)

22.30

0.39 (0.27, 0.58)

<0.01

 

Reused someone’s needlec

36 (33.6)

26 (46.4)

2.53

1.71 (0.88, 3.31)

0.11

 

Using someone else’s rinse water, cooker or cottona,c

33 (30.8)

24 (43.6)

2.58

1.74 (0.89, 3.40)

0.11

HIV sexual risk behaviors (year before treatment)

     
 

Sex with an injection drug usera,d

55 (23.1)

36 (15.9)

3.84

0.63 (0.39, 1.00)

0.05

 

Traded or sold sexd

32 (13.4)

63 (27.4)

13.74

2.38 (1.46, 3.81)

<0.01

 

Two or more recent sexual partnersd

143 (59.8)

148 (64.3)

1.01

1.21 (0.83, 1.76)

0.31

 

Had sex without a condom or barriera,d

214 (90.3)

186 (80.9)

8.16

0.45 (0.26, 0.78)

<0.01

 

HIV testing is available to you in this programa

117 (79.1)

199 (95.7)

19.92

5.86 (2.69, 12.74)

<0.01

 

Has been offered HIV testing since arrivala,g

64 (55.7)

148 (75.1)

12.36

2.41 (1.48, 3.93)

<0.01

 

Participated in HIV testing at this programa,g

27 (24.3)

117 (60.6)

34.73

4.79 (2.85, 8.06)

<0.01

  1. Note. Private treatment is the reference group. Df =1 for all. aParticipants were excluded that did not answer or answered “do not know”. bEarly initiates into the study were not included (n = 23). cParticipants who had not injected a drug within the last twelve months were not included. dParticipants who had not had sex within the last twelve months were not included (n = 26). gOnly participants who answered “yes” to the question, “is HIV testing available to you in this program” were included.
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

ISSN: 1747-597X