Table 2 Sources for variables used in mathematical modeling

Proportion of PWID HIV- (I)

Bayoumi & Strike[21]; Pilon et al.[29]

Proportion of PWID HCV- (I)

Bayoumi & Strike[21]; Pilon et al.[29]

Rate of Needle sharing (s) or (λ)

Bayoumi & Strike[21]

Number of needles in circulation (N)

City of Ottawa[30]

Percentage of needles not cleaned (d)

Kaplan and O’Keefe[5]; Jacobs et al.[31]

Probability of HIV infections from a single injection (t) or (α)

Kaplan and O’Keefe[5]

Probability of HCV infections from a single injection (t)

Gore & Bird[32]

Number of sharing partners (m)

Jacobs et al.[31]

Proportion of PWID HIV + (q) or (π)

Bayoumi & Strike[21]; Pilon et al.[29]

Proportion of PWID HCV + (q)

Bayoumi & Strike[21]; Pilon et al.[29]

Proportion of HIV or HCV infected needles (β)

Kaplan and O’Keefe[5]

Probability of needles cleaned (θ)

Kaplan and O’Keefe[5]; Jacobs et al.[21]