Table 3 Results of the multivariate analysis through multinomial logistic regression for the variable “presence of depressive symptoms”, by genderª
Mild/Moderate depressive symptoms | Major depressive symptoms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (n = 1,161) | Female (n = 1,511) | Male (n = 1,161) | Female (n = 1,511) | |||||
Variables | RRR (95% CI) | P-value | RRR (95% CI) | P-value | RRR (95% CI) | P-value | RRR (95% CI) | P-value |
Age group | ||||||||
< 45 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
≥ 45 years | 1.27 (0.76, 2.11) | 0.36 | 1.28 (0.89, 1.45) | 0.18 | 2.67 (1.59, 4.48) | 0.01 | 1.33 (0.97, 1.82) | 0.08 |
Marital Status | ||||||||
Married/Partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Single | 1.52 (0.97, 2.40) | 0.07 | 1.15 (0.82, 1.61) | 0.42 | 1.30 (0.79, 2.14) | 0.31 | 0.95 (0.69, 1.30) | 0.74 |
Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 1.84 (0.89, 3.81) | 0.10 | 0.87 (0.56, 1.33) | 0.51 | 1.86 (0.93, 3.72) | 0.08 | 1.34 (0.94, 1.89) | 0.10 |
Family income | ||||||||
≥ US $341 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
< US $340 | 1.42 (0.89, 2.27) | 0.14 | 1.82 (1.27, 2.63) | 0.01 | 1.59 (0.94, 2.69) | 0.09 | 1.58 (1.15, 2.17) | 0.01 |
Schooling | ||||||||
> Elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
≤ Elementary school | 1.67 (1.03, 2.71) | 0.04 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.57) | 0.51 | 1.25 (0.73, 2.14) | 0.42 | 1.25 (0.92, 1.69) | 0.16 |
Region | ||||||||
Southeast | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
North | 1.22 (0.63, 2.38) | 0.55 | 1.30 (0.73, 2.29) | 0.37 | 1.88 (0.87, 4.06) | 0.11 | 0.96 (0.56, 1.65) | 0.89 |
Mid-west | 0.92 (0.42, 2.00) | 0.83 | 1.36 (0.80, 2.31) | 0.25 | 1.87 (0.86, 4.09) | 0.12 | 1.11 (0.68, 1.80) | 0.68 |
South | 1.00 (0.56, 1.79) | 0.10 | 0.75 (0.46, 1.22) | 0.25 | 1.21 (0.61, 2.40) | 0.59 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.08) | 0.11 |
Northeast | 0.44 (0.26, 0.74) | 0.01 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.36) | 0.80 | 1.21 (0.72, 2.07) | 0.47 | 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) | 0.17 |
Sector | ||||||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Rural | 1.22 (0.75, 2.01) | 0.42 | 0.95 (0.64, 1.41) | 0.80 | 0.66 (0.36, 1.20) | 0.17 | 0.79 (0.54, 1.15) | 0.21 |
Age at first use | ||||||||
No drinking | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Up to 14 years | 0.54 (0.25, 1.18) | 0.12 | 1.06 (0.56, 2.01) | 0.86 | 0.28 (0.11, 0.73) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.40, 1.34) | 0.31 |
15 – 17 years | 0.65 (0.32, 1.35) | 0.25 | 1.03 (0.61, 1.73) | 0.91 | 0.25 (0.10, 0.61) | 0.01 | 0.48 (0.28, 0.82) | 0.01 |
18 – 24 | 0.20 (0.09, 0.49) | 0.01 | 0.87 (0.56, 1.37) | 0.55 | 0.25 (0.11, 0.60) | 0.01 | 0.64 (0.42, 0.97) | 0.04 |
≥ 25 years | 0.10 (0.01, 0.77) | 0.03 | 0.63 (0.30, 1.32) | 0.22 | 0.46 (0.15, 1.42) | 0.18 | 0.59 (0.33, 1.07) | 0.09 |
Problems related to alcohol | ||||||||
none | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
≥ 1 | 1.45 (0.75, 2.82) | 0.27 | 1.29 (0.70, 2.36) | 0.41 | 2.31 (1.09, 4.91) | 0.03 | 3.00 (1.73, 5.21) | 0.01 |
Volume-Variability Index | ||||||||
Abstainer/Infrequent drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Frequent heavy drinker | 0.81 (0.33, 1.97) | 0.64 | 0.18 (0.05, 0.70) | 0.01 | 0.44 (0.18, 1.12) | 0.08 | 0.27 (0.10, 0.75) | 0.01 |
Frequent drinker | 0.90 (0.44, 1.86) | 0.78 | 0.52 (0.27, 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.88 (0.42, 1.86) | 0.74 | 0.47 (0.25, 0.90) | 0.02 |
Less frequent drinker | 0.93 (0.43, 2.01) | 0.86 | 0.69 (0.40, 1.17) | 0.17 | 0.91(0.40, 2.05) | 0.82 | 0.89 (0.54, 1.49) | 0.67 |
Binge drinking | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.10 (0.59, 2.05) | 0.29 | 1.18 (0.70, 1.99) | 0.54 | 1.44 (0.74, 2.80) | 0.29 | 0.56 (0.32, 0.96) | 0.04 |
Abuse | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.38 (0.66, 2.90) | 0.40 | 0.56( 0.17, 1.80) | 0.33 | 1.89 (0.93, 3.87) | 0.08 | 0.61 (0.23, 1.62) | 0.32 |
Alcohol dependence | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.47 (0.67, 3.20) | 0.33 | 4.09 (1.37, 12.17) | 0.01 | 3.93 (1.88, 8.19) | 0.01 | 8.58 (3.38, 21.75) | 0.01 |