Differential long-term outcomes for voluntary and involuntary transition from injection to oral opioid maintenance treatment

Table 2 Retention and illicit heroin use for voluntary compared to involuntary transition groups

Outcome	Voluntary group^a(n = 16)	Involuntary group^a(n = 95)	Voluntary vs Involuntary	P Value
			Adj. odds ratio (95% CI)
Retention
12 months	16 (100%)	95 (100%)	-	-
24 months^c	14 (87.5%)	53 (55.8%)	5.55 (1.11, 27.81)	0.037^e
			Adj. mean difference (95% CI)
Illicit heroin use
12 months^d	5.66 (1.35, 9.96)	2.68 (1.45, 3.92)	4.02 (0.31, 7.73)	0.034^f
24 months^c	2.55 (0, 8.35)	10.61 (8.18, 13.04)	-5.58 (-11.62, 0.47)	0.070^g

^(a)Numbers are: Mean (95% Confidence Interval) or N (%).
^(b)Models adjusted for baseline characteristics: age, gender, ethnicity, chronic medical problem, years injecting drugs, days of heroin use, days of illegal activities, European addiction severity index - family sub-scale score.
^(c)Adjusted odds ratio from the logistic regression model; not tested at 12 months.
^(d)Adjusted mean difference from the linear regression model.
^(e)Wald chi-square test, chi-square value = 4.33, df = 1.
^(f)t-test, t-value = 2.16, adjusted degrees of freedom for multiple imputation = 76.6.
^(g)t-test, t-value = -1.83, adjusted degrees of freedom for multiple imputation = 97.4

ISSN: 1747-597X