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Table 3 Factors associated with smoking susceptibility among current non-smokers (n = 4613)

From: Prevalence and determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among school students in Pakistan: secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Characteristics

ORa(95% CI)

p-value

ORb(95% CI)

p-value

Sex

    

Male

1

 

1

 

Female

0.98 (0.81-1.19)

0.886

1.53 (1.24-1.89)

<0.001

Age in years (categorical)

    

≤ 13

1

 

1

 

> 13

1.14 (0.92-1.43)

0.219

1.06 (0.84-1.33)

0.597

Parents’ smoking status

    

None

1

 

1

 

At least one parent smokes

1.82 (1.52-2.19)

<0.001

1.64 (1.35-1.99)

<0.001

I don’t know

2.44 (1.39-4.28)

<0.001

1.51 (0.82-2.76)

0.179

Friends’ smoking status

    

do not have friends who smoke

1

 

1

 

Have friends who smoke

2.84 (2.36-3.42)

<0.001

2.77 (2.27-3.40)

<0.001

Classes on harmful effects of smoking

   

Did attend

1

 

1

 

Did not attend

1.13 (0.95-1.36)

0.161

1.16 (0.95-1.40)

0.126

Access to antismoking media

    

No

1

 

1

 

Yes

0.82 (0.68-0.99)

0.041

0.73 (0.59-0.89)

0.002

Exposure to billboards cigarette marketing

   

No

1

 

1

 

Yes

1.19 (0.99-1.43)

0.062

0.98 (0.78-1.22)

0.863

Exposure to newspapers/magazines cigarette marketing

  

No

1

 

1

 

Yes

1.29 (1.07-1.56)

0.008

1.30 (1.03-1.65)

0.026

Boys who smoke have more or less friends

   

Less friends or no difference

1

 

1

 

More friends

0.99 (0.79-1.23)

0.946

0.78 (0.58-1.04)

0.090

Girls who smoke have more or less friends

   

Less friends or no difference

1

 

1

 

More friends

1.10 (0.87-1.41)

0.408

0.96 (0.70-1.34)

0.851

Boys who smoke are more or less attractive

   

Less attractive or no difference

1

 

1

 

More attractive

1.70 (1.34-2.16)

<0.001

1.36 (0.99-1.85)

0.051

Girls who smoke are more or less attractive

   

Less attractive or no difference

1

 

1

 

More attractive

1.66 (1.26-2.17)

<0.001

1.30 (0.91-1.85)

0.141

People who smoke are more or less comfortable

   

Less comfortable or no difference

1

 

1

 

More comfortable

1.69 (1.25-2.28)

0.001

1.32 (0.94-1.85)

0.101

Knowledge of harmful effects of smoking

   

Poor

1

 

1

 

Good

0.50 (0.40-0.63)

<0.001

0.54 (0.43-0.69)

<0.001

Knowledge of harmful effects of secondhand smoke

   

Poor

1

 

1

 

Good

0.74 (0.29-1.87)

0.535

0.62 (0.24-1.62)

0.335

  1. ORa = unadjusted odds ratio.
  2. ORb = odds ratios adjusted for gender, age, parents smoking status, friend smoking status, education of harmful effects of smoking, access to antismoking media, exposure to billboards cigarette marketing, exposure to newspaper/magazines cig marketing, expected social outcomes of smoking, knowledge of harmful effects of smoking, knowledge of harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
  3. CI = confidence intervals.