Table 1 Baseline and follow-up meaning in life scores [M(SD)] stratified by smoking status
From: Four-year prospective evaluation of the relationship between meaning in life and smoking status
Baseline meaning in life scores | Follow-up meaning in life scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Stable non-smokers (a) | 10.21 (2.57) | 10.02 (2.73) | |
Stable smokers (b) | 9.66 (2.70) | 9.54 (2.92) | |
Starters (c) | 9.81 (2.62) | 9.78 (2.85) | |
Quitters (d) | 9.85 (2.66) | 9.74 (3.05) | |
Kruskall-Wallis one-way analysis of ranks | χ2 = 35.11 | χ2 = 19.61 | |
df = 3 | df = 3 | ||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||
Multiple pairwise comparisons with Mann–Whitney test | a vs. b | U = 1236219.5; p < 0.001; r = 0.09 | U = 1306015.0; p < 0.001; r = 0.07 |
a vs. c | U = 286889.0; p = 0.028; r = 0.04 | U = 312517.5; p = 0.279; r = 0.02 | |
a vs. d | U = 254983.5; p = 0.049; r = 0.04 | U = 271433.0; p = 0.291; r = 0.02 | |
b vs. c | U = 108765.0; p = 0.382; r = 0.02 | U = 111752.0; p = 0.237; r = 0.03 | |
b vs. d | U = 96185.0; p = 0.405; r = 0.02 | U = 97662.0; p = 0.306; r = 0.03 | |
c vs. d | U = 22362.5; p = 0.984; r < 0.01 | U = 23121.0; p = 0.942; r < 0.01 | |