Prior to incarceration, N = 552 | One year after release from jail, N = 397 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Smokers | Non-smokers | Smokers | Non-smokers | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
344 (62.3) | 208 (37.7) | 274 (69.2) | 122 (30.8) | |
Age, mean (sd) | 18.04 (0.70) | 17.89 (0.75) | 19.68 (0.93) | 19.43 (0.93) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 550; Time 2 d.f. = 391) | ||||
Black† | 184 (53.6) | 132 (63.5) | 149 (54.4) | 72 (59.5) |
Latino† | 140 (40.8) | 66 (31.7) | 109 (39.8) | 41 (33.9) |
Foster care history† | 113 (33.0)* | 34 (16.3) | 87 (31.9)* | 19 (15.6) |
Not living with parents or legal guardian | 105 (30.5)* | 35 (16.8) | 101 (37.4) | 47 (38.8) |
Unstably housed | 11 (3.2) | 3 (1.4) | 72 (26.7) | 25 (20.7) |
People felt close to in past year, mean (sd) | 4.96 (7.67) | 4.99 (5.05) | 5.59 (6.35) | 5.49 (7.17) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 498; Time 2 d.f. = 394) | ||||
No health insurance | 32 (9.6) | 14 (7.1) | 67 (26.8) | 20 (18.0) |
Unemployed | 218 (63.4) | 135 (64.9) | 292 (73.5) | 78 (65.5) |
Ever held back in school† | 167 (48.7) | 90 (43.3) | 143 (52.2) | 48 (39.3) |
Not attending school regularly | 242 (71.6)* | 124 (60.5) | 218 (80.1) | 96 (78.7) |
Lifetime learning disability diagnosis† | 80 (23.3) | 40 (19.4) | 64 (23.4) | 25 (20.5) |
Days in past 30/90‡ smoked cigs., mean (sd) | 24.99 (9.68) | 0.00 (0.00) | 70.79 (31.80) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Cigarettes smoked each day, mean (sd) | 10.66 (10.75) | 0.00 (0.00) | 13.41 (35.47) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Times used alc. in wk. in 30/90‡, mean (sd) | 2.72 (4.19) | 2.31 (6.47) | 3.97 (9.31) | 5.12 (13.04) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 356; Time 2 d.f. = 263) | ||||
Days in past 30/90‡ used marij., mean (sd) | 23.22 (11.50) | 20.30 (12.16) | 50.37 (39.93) | 58.13 (37.41) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 419; Time 2 d.f. = 110) | ||||
Hard drug use in past 30/90‡ days | 28 (8.2) | 8 (3.9) | 32 (11.7) | 13 (10.7) |
Sold drugs to get money for drugs/alcohol | 181 (58.2)* | 68 (45.3) | 41 (15.0) | 13 (10.7) |
Drug/alcohol dependence in past year | 85 (24.7) | 38 (18.3) | 54 (22.5) | 10 (11.5) |
Sex partners in past 3 mo., mean (sd) | 4.42 (7.88)* | 3.01 (3.13) | 0.63 (3.37) | 0.24 (0.94) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 484; Time 2 d.f. = 351) | ||||
Inconsistent condom use in past 3 mo. | 240 (71.6) | 119 (63.0) | 128 (76.6) | 60 (82.2) |
Gang involvement† | 95 (27.6)* | 38 (18.3) | 76 (27.7) | 22 (18.0) |
Weapons possession during illegal activity | 222 (69.2) | 131 (66.5) | 80 (29.4) | 32 (26.7) |
Incarcerated for drug charges† | 119 (34.8)* | 43 (20.7) | 79 (28.9) | 30 (24.6) |
Incarcerated for violent charges† | 100 (29.2)* | 104 (50.0) | 93 (34.1) | 59 (48.4) |
Prior arrests, mean (sd)† | 5.79 (6.24)* | 4.29 (4.97) | 5.79 (6.38)* | 4.29 (4.39) |
(Time 1 d.f. = 546; Time 2 d.f. = 328) | ||||
Arrests after release from jail, mean (sd) | -- | -- | 1.51 (1.59) | 1.24 (1.57) |
(Time 2 d.f. = 389) | ||||
Went back to jail after index incarceration | -- | -- | 138 (51.1)* | 46 (37.7) |
Received REAL MEN intervention | -- | -- | 138 (50.4) | 58 (47.5) |