Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline participants’ characteristics by study group

From: Impact of a board-game approach on current smokers: a randomized controlled trial

Characteristic

Pick-Klop group (n1 = 120)

Psychoeducation group (n2 = 60)

Waiting-list group (n3 = 60)

p value

Age in years

33.7 ±13.4 (19, 66)

28.7 ±10.8 (18, 59)

30 ±10 (20, 60)

0.03

Women,%

64.2

78.3

53.3

0.02

Education,%

   

n.s.

- High school or lower

14.3

1.7

13.3

 

- Professional school

27.7

40

30

 

University degree

58.0

58.3

56.7

 

Smoking history

    

- Age at start of smoking

16.9 ±3 (8, 27)

15.2 ±2 (11, 20)

16 ±2.2 (12, 23)

0.03

- Years of cigarette smoking

16.9 ±13.4 (1, 49)

13.5 ±10.2 (3, 40)

14.4 ± 10.6 (2, 44)

n.s.

- No. of cigarettes smoked/day

15.8 ±8.3 (3, 50)

15.5 ±7.3 (4, 40)

12.8 ±7 (1, 32)

0.04

- No. of previous attempts to quit

2.8 ±2.4 (0, 17)

3.2 ±2.4 (0, 12

2.4 ±2.4 (0, 15)

n.s.

- Have previously sought help to quit,%

35

31.7

30

n.s.

Living with a smoker,%

47.5

56.7

58.3

n.s.

Stage of change,%

   

0.01

- Precontemplation

38.3

20

43.3

 

- Contemplation

48.3

61.7

46.7

 

- Preparation

13.3

18.3

10.0

 

Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

3.3 ±1.9 (0, 8)

3.4 ±2.1 (1, 8)

2.8 ±2.4 (0, 10)

n.s.

Attitudes Towards Nicotine Replacement Therapy Scale

    

- Perceived advantage

19.3 ±8.6 (0, 35)

18.8 ±8.8 (2, 32)

19.7 ±8.8 (0, 35)

n.s.

- Drawback

9.9 ±4.3 (2, 20)

11.3 ±4.4 (4, 20)

10 ±4.7 (0, 20)

n.s.

- “Don’t know” answers

2.2 ±2.7 (0, 11)

2.4 ±2.9 (0, 8)

2.5 ±3.2 (0, 12)

n.s.

Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale

    

- Adverse effects of smoking

38.6 ±6.8 (15, 50)

38.8 ±8.5 (15, 50)

39.8 ±5.3 (28, 50)

n.s.

- Psychoactive benefits of smoking

13.9 ±4.1 (4, 20)

14.3 ±4.1 (6, 20)

14 ±4.3 (4, 22)

n.s.

- Pleasure of smoking

14.4 ±3.8 (4, 20)

13.6 ±3.1 (5, 20)

14.7 ±3.6 (8, 20)

n.s.

Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire

    

- Internal score

15.6 ±5.9 (5, 30)

14 ±6.0 (6, 30)

15.9 ±6.7 (6, 30)

n.s.

- External score

13.8 ±6.3 (4, 30)

11.9 ±5.3 (4, 28)

13.7 ±7.0 (6, 30)

n.s.

- Total score

29.3 ± 10.8 (10, 60)

25.8 ± 9.5 (12, 55)

29.8 ± 12.5 (12, 54)

n.s.

Psychiatric disorder history,%

   

n.s.

- Depression/mood disorder

19.2

10

23.3

 

- Other disorder

8.3

10

10

 
  1. Interval variables are reported by their means and standard deviations, M ± SD, and by their ranges (min, max). Categorical variables are reported by their percentages,%. n.s. = non-significant.