Physicians’ attitudes toward unhealthy alcohol use and self-efficacy for screening and counseling as predictors of their counseling and primary care patients’ drinking outcomes

Table 3 Results of GEE models of association between physicians’ attitudes and perceived self-efficacy (confidence) and patients’ reports of physicians’ alcohol counseling (baseline) or patients’ drinking outcomes (6 month follow-up)

Item	GEE model of physicians’ counseling N = 301 patients		GEE model of patients’ hazardous drinking N = 231 patients		GEE model of patients’ drinks per day N = 231 patients
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Beta (95% CI)	p
Positive treatment beliefs	0.60 (0.34, 1.04)	0.07	0.88 (0.19, 2.48)	0.53	−0.38 (−1.65, 0.91)	0.57
Negative attitudes towards patients	0.86 (0.47, 1.58)	0.63	0.74 (0.45, 1.22)	0.24	−0.53 (−1.79, 0.73)	0.41
Addiction as treatable	0.74 (0.52, 1.05)	0.09	0.84 (0.67, 1.05)	0.13	−0.41 (−1.13, 0.32)	0.27
Confidence in initiating change	0.85 (0.53, 1.36)	0.51	1.29 (0.83, 2.01)	0.26	0.82 (−0.34, 1.97)	0.17
Confidence in screening	0.78 (0.53, 1.16)	0.88	1.20 (0.79, 1.82)	0.40	1.03 (0.05, 2.02)	0.04
Confidence in assessment and intervention	0.96 (0.58, 1.59)	0.23	1.29 (1.04, 1.60)	0.02	0.67 (0.04, 1.31)	0.04

GEE: Generalized estimating equation; CI: Confidence interval; Covariates in each model: physician level (attending or resident), physician randomization group (to receive screening results or not), patient race/ethnicity (African American, White, Latino, Other), gender, high school graduate, patient met doctor before, any patient medical comorbidity.

ISSN: 1747-597X