Table 2 Factors associated with increased smoking in over-indebted individuals (reference category: decreased or unchanged tobacco consumption)
Increase in smoking | Model 1 c | Model 2 cd | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Row percentages | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
Sex | p=.018, df=1 a | ||||
Male (ref.) | 35.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 25.9 | 0.66 | 0.44-0.99 | 0.67 | 0.45-0.99 |
Age | p=.393, df=3 a | ||||
18-30 (ref.) | 26.7 | 1 | 1 | ||
31-40 | 35.0 | 1.03 | 0.57-1.84 | 1.00 | 0.56-1.80 |
41-50 | 31.7 | 0.80 | 0.45-1.44 | 0.78 | 0.43-1.42 |
51+ | 27.2 | 0.63 | 0.30-1.30 | 0.62 | 0.30-1.29 |
Educational level | p=.665, df=570 b | ||||
≤ 9 years (ref.) | 30.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
> 9 years | 31.8 | 1.08 | 0.73-1.62 | 1.12 | 0.75-1.68 |
Income | p=.119, df=570 b | ||||
≤ 1500 € (ref.) | 29.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
> 1500 € | 36.2 | 1.34 | 0.84-2.12 | 1.38 | 0.86-2.20 |
Marital status | p=.251, df=2 a | ||||
Married (ref.) | 32.1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Unmarried | 26.4 | 0.73 | 0.42-1.26 | 0.78 | 0.45-1.36 |
Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 33.8 | 1.10 | 0.68-1.77 | 1.14 | 0.70-1.86 |
Duration of over-indebtedness | p=.010, df=551 b | ||||
≤ 5 years (ref.) | 26.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
6 to 10 years | 29.0 | 1.05 | 0.65-1.68 | 1.04 | 0.64-1.68 |
> 10 years | 39.2 | 1.76 | 1.00-2.73 | 1.66 | 1.00-2.76 |
Social support | p<.001, df=563 b | ||||
High (ref.) | 22.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Less than high | 26.6 | 1.21 | 0.71-2.06 | 1.10 | 0.64-1.89 |
More than low | 36.7 | 1.88 | 1.07-3.30 | 1.51 | 0.83-2.74 |
Low | 45.6 | 2.78 | 1.45-5.26 | 1.99 | 0.99-3.98 |
Health awareness | p<.001, df=566 b | ||||
High (ref.) | 22.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Medium | 33.2 | 1.59 | 1.03-2.47 | 1.66 | 1.07-2.58 |
Low | 42.0 | 1.98 | 1.15-3.43 | 2.15 | 1.23-3.76 |
Changes in social embeddedness since onset of over-indebtedness | p<.001, df=559 b | ||||
No withdrawal (ref.) | 24.1 | 1 | |||
Friends or relatives withdrawn | 35.5 | 1.45 | 0.91-2.31 | ||
Friends and relatives withdrawn | 41.7 | 1.82 | 1.06-3.14 | ||