Table 1 Basic demographic characteristics surveyed patients

Number of participants

279

191 (70.0%)

82 (30%)

Age (Mean ± STD)

31.7 ± 7.1

31.3 ± 7.5

32.3 ± 6.2

Ethnicity

   Han

248 (91.9%)

172 (90.5%)

76 (95.0%)

   Minority

22 (8.1%)

18 (9.5%)

4 (5.0%)

Marital Status

   Single

130 (48.9%)

92 (49.7%)

38 (46.9%)

   Married

92 (34.6%)

71 (38.4%)

21 (25.9%)

   Divorced

36 (13.5%)

17 (9.2%)

19 (23.5%)

   Separation

2 (0. 8%)

2 (1.1%)

0

Widowed

6 (2.3%)

3 (1.6%)

3 (3.7%)

Education

   Illiterate

15 (5.7%)

12 (6.5%)

3 (3.7%)

   Elementary school

72 (27.2%)

53 (28.9%)

19 (23.5%)

   High or vocational school

124 (46.8%)

80 (43.5%)

44 (54.3%)

   College

49 (18.5%)

36 (19.6%)

13 (16.0%)

   Graduate school

5 (1.9%)

3 (1.6%)

2 (2.5%)

Route of heroin administration

   Snorting

13 (5.4%)

8 (4.7%)

5 (7.2%)

   Smoking

140 (58.3%)

107 (62.9%)

33 (47.8%)

   Injecting

55 (22.9%)

34 (20.0%)

20 (29.0%)

   2 or 3 methods

32 (13.3%)

21 (12.4%)

11 (15.9%)

Duration of heroin use (years)

4.82 ± 4.18

4.28 ± 3.67

6.22 ± 5.03